Making user testing happen

We all know we should be doing more usability testing than we are. Fortunately there are some great tools available to make the job easier.

Every time I see Steve Krug’s book “rocket surgery made easy” I feel guilty. I know I should do more usability testing than I do, but somehow it never quite works out that way.

Steve is right when he says we should all be doing usability testing every month. He even makes it incredibly easy by reducing the number of participants to only three people per month. Yet even this we struggle to do.

However I have learnt one valuable lesson from my disastrous DIY experiments. If you have the right tools the job it is a lot easier. In my experience this applies as much to usability testing as to DIY. Fortunately these days there are some amazing tools available and I’ve listed my favourites below. Be sure to check them out.

Flash tests

Flashing testing is where you show a user your website for a few seconds and then asked them to recall as many page elements as they can. This is a great way to discover if you have the correct visual hierarchy for your pages.

Where previously you would need to do this kind of exercise face-to-face, there is now an app for that! ClueApp.com takes a screenshot of your website and presents it to the user for five seconds before asking them to recall what they’ve seen. This is a great tool for testing initial sketches, design comps, or non-interactive wireframes.

ClueApp.com

Face-to-face testing

One of the big problems with face-to-face testing is recording everything that happened. Video cameras can be very intimidating as can having other people in the room taking notes. Silverback does a great job at making this kind of recording as unobtrusive as possible.

Using your Mac’s built-in web cam and mic it records everything the user says as well as their facial expressions and what they do on screen. When you next do face-to-face user testing make sure you have a copy of silverback installed.

Silverbackapp.com

Card sorting

Card sorting is an excellent way to ensure your information architecture is as user centric as possible. It involves allowing the user to organise cards that represent different content areas into their own hierarchy. Unfortunately the process can be time-consuming and it can be difficult to find an adequate number of users to make the exercise worthwhile.

Fortunately there is now an app called websort.net, which allows you to do card sorting exercises online using real users directly from your website.

websort.net

A/B testing

By exposing possible design variations to a small segment of site visitors you get an insight into how a new design is going to work in the live environment. Many argue this is by far the most effective type of usability testing. Although there are free tools such as Google website optimiser, my favourite is visual website optimiser.

What sets this tool part from its competition is the ability for client to carry out their own multivariate testing without the need to understand HTML code. Admittedly this is both a benefit and a curse. However, it encourages users to develop their websites on an ongoing basis.

visualwebsiteoptimizer.com/

Live interactive remote testing

It can sometimes be difficult to meet face-to-face with user participants who are potentially spread around the globe. One solution is to use screen sharing software that allows remote testing to take place. My favourite tool for doing this kind of testing is GoToMeeting. Although it does not currently support video you can share screens and speak directly to the participant. Best of all it seems to suffer from very little lag which is a crucial requirement when testing.

Gotomeeting.com

Un-facilitated remote testing

If you simply do not have the time to recruit participants and test yourself then you may wish to consider a service such as usertesting.com. For a low fee per user you can define a test (such as placing an order) and usertesting.com will find participants and record them completing the test.

All participants have been trained to talk out loud when completing tasks so you get a good idea of what they are thinking as they complete the test. Although not as good as interactive testing it is certainly better than no testing at all.

usertesting.com

Recruiting participants

Finding participants that match your requirements is possibly the hardest part of usability testing. Although it is not as important as many people think to have a demographic match for your participants, it can still be time consuming to find anybody at all.

If you simply do not have the time to recruit participants consider a service such as ethnio.com. This service will allow you to recruit participants directly from your own website. It will also allow you to manage these participants and find exactly the type of people you require.

Ethnio.com

No excuse

With so many tools available there really is no excuse for not carrying out regular usability testing. Just think, if you start doing monthly user testing you won’t need to feel guilty every time you look at Steve Krug’s book!

A great user experience extends beyond the website

As web designers we can only do so much for you the client. You can have the best website in the world, but if your customer service stinks users won’t come back.

I went to meet with a new client yesterday and was blown away by their commitment to customer service. Not only had they addressed every one of their customers points of pain, they had gone above and beyond in so many ways.

Update: Are you a web designer? Have you found yourself nodding at this post? Then before you get too smug you better read: “You’re a hypocrite (and so am I)“.

An unbelievable returns policy

The most stunning example of this was their returns policy. If you are lucky a website will offer you a 30 day return policy if the goods are unopened and so can be resold. If you are unlucky they will not accept returns at all or charge a restocking fee. However, with our new client things are radically different. They offer a 365 day return policy! However, they don’t stop there. You can return products that have been used and cannot be resold. Better still they will even pay the postage for you to return the goods.

It is truly staggering. So much so that the problem is convincing the user the offer is genuine!

A culture of service

However, it is more than that. They have the right culture too. I was fortunate enough to chat with their call centre staff. Currently they offer customers three ways to contact them…

  • Phone
  • Email
  • Live chat

I asked which contact method they preferred. I expected them to say email first, followed by live chat and finally phone. After all, when on the phone you can only deal with a single customer at a time. Email and live chat are much more cost effective. However my expectations were entirely wrong. The answer was the phone because “it is the quickest way customers could get their problems resolved”.

Cartoon in which the web designer is asked to remove the phone number from a site

Davi Sales Batista, Shutterstock

A growing trend

What’s interesting is that this client is not alone. More and more companies are realising that to compete on the web they cannot sell on product and price alone. The problem is that competition is fierce and the chances of having a unique product low. With your competition only a click away and savvy customers doing price comparison you are left with two choices – be the cheapest or be the best.

What this new breed of web businesses are realising is that racing to be the cheapest is a losers game. Eventually there is only so much that can reduce your margins. Instead they have discovered that customers (especially online) are willing to pay more for convenience. In today’s society time is as important a currency as money and users will often choose a more expensive option if it saves them time quibbling over returns or being on hold with customer services.

There are many poster children for this movement including the likes of Zappos. What these pioneers are proving is that the increase in revenue outweighs the costs involved.

zappos

On face value limiting customer service may seem like a good idea. However, in doing so you are putting short term objectives over the long term health of your business.

Think long term

Recently I wrote a post in which I said that business objectives are more important than users needs. However, that is not an excuse for neglecting your users. If you care about achieving long term business success, then you have to put great customer service and the user’s needs at the heart of what you do.

As web designers we can help you. We can make intuitive sites that are both painless and pleasurable to use. However, that is only half the battle. We also need you (the website owner) to continue that pleasurable experience in terms of customers service. What happens offline is as important as what happens on.

What about you?

So ask yourself – how could you be helping your customers more? Have you hidden away your phone number because you don’t want users calling you? Have you added in extra fields to your contact form so you can collect demographic data for spamming? Have you limited your returns policy for fear of people abusing it? What about hidden costs? Are there charges for returns or delivery?

Whether you are running an ecommerce site or an informational one the message is the same, provide outstanding user experience both on the site and off.

You're a failure: Deal with it

Every website has points of failure. It is inevitable. The question is do you know what they are and are you doing something about them?

Nobody likes to think of themselves as a failure and no website owner likes to dwell too much on the shortcomings of his website. However, all websites have weaknesses and it is important we know exactly what they are in order to do something about them.

What is more, all websites develop new weaknesses over time. As content is added, structure is changed and designs are tweaked, we introduce problems into our sites that were not previously there.

We therefore need a system in place that continually monitor for failures so that they can be addressed quickly before causing too much damage.

image of broken chain

Torian, Shutterstock

Implementing such a system does not need to be onerous. It simply consists of three simple reviews that should take place on a monthly basis. These are…

  • Monthly user testing
  • Identifying dropout points
  • Analyse search queries

Let’s begin with user testing.

Monthly user testing

Steve Krug’s latest book Rocket Surgery Made Easy takes usability testing in a radical new direction that is both perfect for identifying the constantly evolving weaknesses in our sites and also inexpensive to implement.

He proposes an ongoing programme of quick and dirty user testing that takes place every month. The idea is that on a set date each month you schedule a morning of user testing with only 3 participants.

Your entire web team watches the user testing and analyses the results over lunch. By the end of lunch you will have identified the biggest problems that need to be addressed before the next month’s testing.

Image of Rocket Surgery Made Easy

Jason Alley, Flickr

This is a great approach for detecting and eliminating problems on your website. It is…

  • Lightweight – Only requiring one morning a month for testing and debrief.
  • Regular – Ensuring that it picks up on problems that creep into the site over time.
  • Action orientated – By the end of the session you have a plan of how to tackle the failings in your website.
  • Fixed – Because the user testing is always on the same day every month it is less likely to be bumped for more ‘important‘ things.
  • Prioritised – With only a short time to test and debrief the emphasis is placed on the most important failings rather than being caught up in nuances.

Although user testing is useful it should not be used in isolation. Testing only 3 participants enables lightweight and regular testing, but it does have its limitations. Ultimately 3 people are not going to be representative of the whole and even if they were, they are not interacting naturally with the website. For that you need to look at web statistics.

Identifying drop out points

Website statistics can be very enlightening when used correctly. Unfortunately few people know what they are looking for and so either give up try or never get past page views and unique visitors.

One aspect of web stats that is particularly interesting is exit points. Where do users leave your site? This may help identify potential points of weakness in the site and areas you wish to test in your next user test session.

Most statistic packages make it easy to view a list of top exit pages. However make sure you are viewing pages with the top percentage of exits, because popular pages will be exited more often. Look for pages that are popular but are also exit points. These are the biggest problem areas. Google Analytics actually allows you to view pages that meet this exact criteria.

Google Analytics - Top exit pages

Once you have this list ask yourself the following questions?

  • Is this the final page in a call to action process? For example is this an order confirmation at the end of a purchase process. You would expect pages such as this to be a typical exit point.
  • Has the user visited any other pages before exiting? If the user has viewed only this one page then the chances are they were simply at the wrong site. To make sure check the dwell time. If they were only on the page a few seconds before leaving then it is fair to conclude they had arrived by accident. Also check how they arrived on the site. If they came via a search engine, what search term did they use? If the term wasn’t relevant to your site then don’t worry.
  • What type of content does the page contain? If the page is a blog post for example the chances are the user was more interested in the content than anything else you offer. They will read the one article and then leave. Obviously this is not what you want and should work hard to encourage them deeper into the site. However, the reality is that pages of this type will have a higher exit rate.
  • Is the bounce rate significantly higher than elsewhere on the site? If so this could indicate a weakness in the page.

If users have viewed multiple pages and then given up on a particular page, it is a problem which needs addressing. Possible problems could include…

  • No obvious next steps – Are you telling the user what to do next.
  • Too many optionsToo many choices can cause users to give up.
  • The content fails to convince – Is the content of the page telling the user what they want to hear, or are you saying something that alienates them?
  • Too much content – Is the page packed with large amounts of densely written copy. This can put users off.
  • The content is not relevant – They have arrived from a search engine query and the page hasn’t provided what they want. Instead of looking elsewhere in the site they have returned to the search engine to view another result.

Unfortunately although web stats can be very good at identifying problem pages it is not so good at diagnosing the cause. That is why it is important to user test as well.

Of course another possibility is that a user has given up simply because the site doesn’t appear to have what they are looking for. That is where you need to analyse search queries.

Analyse search queries

What users searched for provides an excellent insight into potential failures of your website.

Take for example the top search queries that lead people to a page with an exceptionally high bounce rate. Which of those queries cause most of the bounces? What are the user expecting to find on the page and do not? The page must be relevant in someway otherwise the search engine wouldn’t refer them. However, perhaps the way you are presenting the information is wrong. Does the search term give any indication of how you could be presenting things better?

What about the terms that create the highest bounce across the site. Sometimes users find themselves on a site that a search engine believes is relevant but doesn’t directly address their issue. Could you retailor your content to more directly address these search queries?

Keyword search terms as shown in Google Analytics

However it is not just external search engines you need to be looking at. What about your internal search engine?

When a user arrives at your site after entering a search term into Google, you can be sure that at least some content on that subject exists. Otherwise Google would not have referred them. However, when a user types something into your site search, there is no guarantee it will be a topic you have addressed at all. This is a perfect way to identify content lacking from your website.

Repeat each of the top searches yourself and look at the results. Are you addressing the search terms directly? Are you addressing them at all! If not you have identified a weakness that needs dealing with.

Rinse and repeat

The secret to success when it comes to irradiating the failures on your site is to establish a monthly cycle of work. Each month you need to user test, delve into your web stats and analyse your search results. By combining these three techniques you should be able to establish a programme of work for the coming month. By repeating this process month on month you can slowly evolve your site so that its shortcomings have less and less of an impact on conversion.

Of course, this is not all that can be done to identify problems with your site. These are simply those that have worked best for me. What about you? How do you find the shortcomings on your site? Do you even do this kind of ongoing maintenance? Let me know in the comments below.

How to stop choice paralysis damaging your sales

Could you be losing sales because users cannot make a decision? The chances are the answer is yes. Fortunately there is something you can do about it.

Those damned customers, sometimes they are more trouble than they are worth! On one hand they say they like choice, but when you give them too much they stop buying.

Choice paralysis is a well known problem in retail. Numerous tests in supermarkets have shown that if you offer a customer too many varieties they are less likely to buy than if there are only a few.

Woman shopping in a supermarket

Africa Studio, Shutterstock

However, despite choice paralysis being a well known phenomena, most ecommerce websites seem to ignore it. I come across too many ecommerce sites with…

  • Too many products in one category.
  • Complex ways of customising products.
  • An overwhelming selection of special offers.
  • Endless categories and sub categories of products.

It is hardly surprising then that many of these sites suffer from a dismally low conversion rates.

Unfortunately website owners often perceive this low conversion as I sign that they are not giving users what they want. This leads them to add even more choice, which results in still further paralysis.

The answer actually lies in a very different direction and begins by limiting choice.

Limit the users choice

In a now famous supermarket study only 3% of shoppers purchased jam when confronted with 24 varieties, while 30% purchased when given only 6. Although the 10 fold increase is interesting what fascinates me are the people not exposed by the raw data.

A good number of those 27% approached the jam section with a particular jam in mind. They knew what they wanted and went to purchase. However, the range of alternatives actually placed doubt in their mind. Was their normal choice of jam the best option available? Should they try something new? These questions created enough anxiety to actually stop them purchasing.

Selection of Jams

fresher, Shutterstock

The lesson here is that choice paralysis is not just something suffered by those who arrive undecided. It can actually prevent a committed buyer from placing an order.

Although this is a scary thought the answer is obvious, reduce your range of products. On one level this seems counter intuitive, but on another it is an obvious response to the problem of choice paralysis.

However, reducing choice is not the only response. There is also a need to clearly differentiate between the options available.

Clearly differentiate between choices

Choice paralysis is not just to do with the number of choices available. In fact it can be acceptable to offer a large number of choices where the differences between those choices is clearly defined. Unfortunately the choices we offer often have significant overlap.

Computer manufacturers suffer from this problem. When buying a computer, making a decision can be hard when the only difference between models is technical specifications. Most people do not understand the difference between 2GB and 4GB of memory.

Apple does a great job at overcoming this challenging by reducing the choice and differentiating between their products.

For example, if you visit the Apple website you can easily compare different macs and read a clear description about what makes each model unique.

Apple website: Which Mac is right for you?

If you are looking for something light then go for the macbook air. If you want something small go for the mac mini. Although they do mention technical specifications these are secondary to the simple descriptions.

However don’t fall into the trap of thinking this need to differentiate only applies to product lines. It also applies to navigation and product categories. Take for example firebox.com. What is the difference between the top level labels ‘geek’ and ‘technology’?

firebox website navigation

Clearly differentiating choice has to apply to all aspects of your site from product range to site navigation. If you must have overlapping choices then you may wish to consider hiding less popular choices to avoid confusion.

Hide less popular choices

Unfortunately in the real world website owners do not always get to choose what goes on the website. We aren’t in a position to slim down the product range or redesign it entirely so that products are more distinct. In such situations smoke and mirrors can produce the same effect.

Although you may not be able to remove the choices available to users, you can hide less popular ones to give the impression of a clearer choice.

We faced this exact problem when working on the Wiltshire Farm Foods website. They had a huge number of meals organised into an extensive list of categories. What is more there was a real need to ensure consistency between the website and the printed brochure, so we had no choice but to keep the categories they had. This left us with a confusing site structure. For example if somebody wanted to order a ‘beef pie’ did they look under ‘beef’ or ‘pies and pastries’?

Our solution was to hide less popular categories and focus the user on the most used forms of navigation. For example we knew more people navigated by ‘beef’ than ‘pies and pastries’ so we hid the latter. However, it was still available for those who wanted to see all pies.

This approach gave the impression of a clearly defined choice without removing the additional options for those who wanted them.

Of course, so far we have focused on users who have a fairly clear idea of what they want to start with. What about those who are even less sure?

That is where suggestions come in.

Make suggestions

When faced with overwhelming choice often the most effective way of encouraging users to make a decision is to suggest a course of action. This well known technique is used by the vast majority of ecommerce websites in the form of ‘special offers’ or ‘staff favourites’.

However, although these suggestions go some way to alleviating choice paralysis they do not connect with users on an emotional level. Just because something is on special offer or has been suggested by the staff, does not mean it is right for the individual user. After all today’s astute customers know these suggestions are more to benefit the retailer than themselves.

Amazon uses a slightly more convincing approach on its UK homepage with its ‘what other customers are looking at right now’ section. As humans we have a tendency to follow the crowd in new or unfamiliar circumstances and so will look to the choices of others for inspiration.

Amazon homepage

Although this is undoubtably more successful than the ‘special offers’ approach, it still does not fully harness how we overcome choice paralysis in the real world.

When faced with overwhelming choice offline we turn to friends and family for their opinion. In particular we look to those who share similar tastes to our own and whose opinions we trust.

Some ecommerce sites are replicating at least some aspects of this behaviour with sections entitled ‘people like you bought’. This plays off of our inherent group mentality and goes a long way to overcoming choice paralysis.

This thinking ultimately ends in enabling users to see what ‘friends’ are purchasing. Facebook has already done some experimentation in this area. However, I suspect it will not be long before Amazon implement a social network of sorts on its own website.

Although suggestions are a useful way of easing choice paralysis, sometimes it is possible to avoid asking users to make a choice at all. That is where good defaults come in.

Set good defaults

The best way to avoid choice paralysis is to avoid choice entirely. It is surprising how often we ask users to make decisions where we could easily do so.

We tend to pass the responsibility of choice to users for a two reasons.

First, we become obsessed with edge cases. Even though we know the majority of users will make one choice, we worry about the minority who want something different. The problem with this mentality is that the user experience of the majority often suffers in order to cater for the whims of the minority.

Second, we believe that users want choice because that is what they say they want. However, research shows there is a difference between what we say they want and what makes us happiest. Giving the user choice may make them feel temporarily more in control, but ultimately they are more likely to suffer from buyers remorse.

So what is the solution? Am I proposing that we ignore the minority for the sake of the majority? Should clothes come in the single most common size on websites? Should computers not come with the option to preinstall Linux instead of Windows? Not at all.

Instead we must default to the most common choice while allowing the option to customise. Why make people choose between Windows and Linux when the vast majority is going to choose Windows? Set the default to Windows with the option to edit it if required.

This principle applies not just to the selection of products but also to the forms at checkout. I have seen too many websites that require users to select from a number of previous delivery addresses when you could simply default to the last address used.

World Wildlife Fund website

Good defaults have the wonderful ability to reduce cognitive load on users while not taking away the choices available to them.

We are not vulcans

The underlying point that I am making in this post is that we are not hyper-logical vulcans. However much we would like to think otherwise, we do not make rational decisions. We do not carefully weigh the options and make a decision, especially when faced with overwhelming choice. We simply do not have the mental capacity to do that on a conscious level.

Instead we fall back on the subconscious, relying on gut reactions and emotional decision making. This often makes us feel uncertain and out of control. Sometimes this feeling is so powerful we would prefer to make no decision than make the wrong one.

With that in mind we need to make every effort as website owners to avoid overwhelming our users with choice.

But what about you? What have you done to overcome choice paralysis? I would love to hear your advice in the comments below.

Happy customers through an improved checkout

You would think that the checkout form would be simple. However often users abandon their purchase, because the checkout form fails to deliver.

How hard can it be? All you need to do is collect their name, address and credit card information. That is all it takes to complete a purchase. Surely that is pretty straightforward.

In fact there are many ways you can make or break a checkout form, which is why I have compiled this list of common issues to consider.

I suggest you look at your own checkout and ask the following questions…

Do we provide positive feedback?

Most ecommerce sites are all too keen to tell you when you have done something wrong. However, users also sometimes need encouragement that they are doing the right thing. A visual indication that a field has been completed correctly goes a long way.

example of positive feedback

Do we provide examples of how a field should be completed?

If there is any doubt about how a field should be formatted (for example date formatting) it is worth providing an example for clarity.

Checkout form that includes an example of how a name should be formatted

Are we validating form fields as users enter information?

Instead of only validating a form when it is submitted to the server, also validate on the client side. This creates a more seamless user experience and avoids data potentially being lost when submission goes wrong.

 

 

Do we place error messages next to the problem that needs correcting?

Too many website only list their error messages above the form leaving the user to identify where the problem lies. Instead place the messages beside the form field that is causing the problem.

Example of error messages placed next to the problem

Have error messages been written with the user in mind?

Often the error messages on checkout forms are written by developers. Sometimes they are written more with debugging in mind than helping users overcome problems. What makes sense to a developer does not necessarily make sense to a user. Always ensure error messages are reviewed by somebody with UX and copywriting skills.

Finally, remember that although it is not bad to add some humour and personality to your error messages, they should also help the user overcome their problem. Examples like that below maybe amusing but are not very helpful!

 

 

Are we saving the user’s progress and handling timeouts gracefully?

There is nothing more annoying than searching for your credit card only to return to checkout and find your session has expired.

Actually I tell a lie, there is something more annoying. That is when you make a mistake checking out and not only does it returns a validation error but also wipes the form you had carefully filled in.

Data can be lost for all kinds of reasons from timeouts to connectivity problem. Save user data often, so they do not need to re-enter it if anything goes wrong.

Have we set good defaults?

Picking good defaults for fields can save users a lot of time when completing forms. For example the vast majority of users want you to remain logged into a site and so have the ‘remember me’ option selected by default.

An example of a login form that has remember me checked by default

Are we allowing people to see their password when entering it?

Another nice feature of HuffDuffer is the ‘show password’ checkbox. This overcomes a common usability problem while maintaining security.

Users often mistype passwords without realising it because the password field is blanked out for security reasons. By allowing users to reveal their passwords when in private, Huffduffer substantially reduces user error.

 

 

Are we pre-populating as many fields as possible?

The only thing users hate more than filling in forms, is doing so twice. Despite this a surprising number of websites ask users to do exactly that.

For example some websites require users to fill in both delivery and billing address even when identical, or enter their name again when the site already knows it.

Even if you cannot be certain what a field should contain, pre-populate it with your best guess. The user can always overtype your guess if required.

 

 

Are we forcing users to register upfront or waiting until the end of process?

As is pointed out in an excellent article on econsultancy.com, most users do not like to register.

When buying, users are focused on purchasing and believe that registering will slow that process down. In fact the only additional piece of information required is a password.

Although registration provides benefits for both parties, users will often abandon the checkout process if forced to register.

A better approach is to offer them the option to register by creating a password at the end of the checkout process rather than the beginning. The sale has been made and the user is now mentally ready to consider the benefits of registering (like order tracking).

The registration form at the end of the checkout process on the Speedo website

Does the checkout work with Javascript disabled?

I am appalled at just how many websites do not work with Javascript disabled. This is not some moral comment about the accessibility issues surrounding Javascript. Instead it is a financial argument.

As many as 1 in 20 users have javascript disabled for numerous reasons and no self respecting retail outlet would turn away 1 in 20 people from its store.

This is an area that causes a lot of confusion so let me be clear: I am not saying ecommerce sites cannot use Javascript. I am just saying that it needs to work when javascript is turned off.

I have already mentioned a number of techniques that require Javascript to work. However, the site should still work if these extras are not available.

I am not talking about building two versions of the site. I am talking about building the site without Javascript and then layering some additional javascript on top to create a better user experience for those that have it.

Is the validation on fields forgiving enough to understand different formats?

One of the most common problems I see on ecommerce sites is the frustration caused by forms not accepting user entry because it is formatted incorrectly. This typically includes:

  • Dates
  • Credit card numbers
  • Passwords

The most frustrating part is that the user has entered the correct information, just not in a format which is accepted by the system.

Take for example credit card numbers. Do you enter them with spaces, without spaces or maybe even with dashes? Why should the user have to worry about this? It is a simple matter for the website to reformat the data later. This should not be the users problem?

A checkout form that requires users to enter a credit card number without spaces or dashes.

Is the user suffering because of technical constraints?

The problem of data entry formatting is part of a wider issue where developers make users responsible for problems that they should not have to deal with.

For example, why should users have to fill in CAPTCHA fields because the website has a problem with SPAM? It’s not the users fault.

Cartoon highlighting how hard CAPTCHA is.

Image source, Geek and Poke

Ask yourself if there are places on your website where the user experience has been compromised for the sake of an easy life for the developer.

Does the browser back button work?

For many users the browser back button is an invaluable tool that they rely on for navigation. However too often in the checkout processes, hitting the back button either entirely loses the users progress or returns strange errors that cause confusion and uncertainty.

Are we being greedy in the personal data we ask for?

It is understandable that those running ecommerce sites want to collect information on users, discover how they found the website and get permission to correspond with them in the future. However, users see these as barriers to making a purchase.

Even when these fields are marked as optional, users have to mentally process them and decide whether they should be completed. At the very least they have to check that they are not being opted-in to junk mail as in the example below.

Example of a checkout form where the user is being asked for unneccessary information and is being opted in to unsolicited email.

Keep these kinds of marketing questions until after the product has been ordered. You are less likely to alienate the user and will gain a better quality of response because the user has not been tricked into completing the fields.

Are we rewarding users who go the extra mile?

When a user does go the extra mile and signup for a newsletter or tell you how they found the website, make sure you reward them for their time. Instead of using their email address to spam them why not email them a gift certificate or some other form of thank you.

During the US election, those who donated to the Obama received a free T-Shirt. This is not only a great gesture, it is also an excellent advertising strategy. Why couldn’t you do the same for your customers who are willing to signup for your newsletter?

Obama fundraising website

Are all of our buttons descriptive?

Users often do not read explanatory text, instead relying on links and buttons to decide what action to take next. However, when those buttons do not make sense out of context they can prove confusing.

Take the two examples below. If you were scanning those pages quickly and didn’t read the copy which is clearer:

Example from ebuyer.com that requires the users to read both text and button

Example of a site where the button describes the next action without the help of explanitory text

Could our instructional text be clearer and more concise?

Many websites suffer from verbal diarrhoea during their checkout process. There is a belief that by using more words the message is clearer. However, in reality they just put people off from reading the text.

Take for example the amount of copy associated with this field in a checkout form:

The copy reads: if you have any additional information or special instructions that you want us to pass over to our courier please enter them in the text box below (maximum 30 characters) and click the Add Instructions button. This must be done before selecting your shipping address. Please be aware that neither Ebuyer nor our delivery partners can accept responsibility for any loss or damage when the special instructions provided have been followed.

In reality all that is required is:

  • A heading entitled ‘Do you have any instructions for the delivery driver?’
  • A field for instructions that has a character limit to prevent a user entering too much.
  • A link to your terms and conditions
  • A submit button.

There is no need for the current amount of text.

Do we require users to remember a username as well as a password?

Why does any site (let alone an ecommerce site) ask a user for a username? Surely you are just giving the user another piece of information to remember in addition to their password. This just doubles the chances of them failing to login.

A better way is to use their email address as their unique identifier. Its easy to remember, is guaranteed to be unique and is already a required piece of information on almost all ecommerce sites.

How do we handle bank card validation?

Sooner or later even the best designed ecommerce site has to hand control to the bank for credit card processing. Unfortunately there is little chance to control the user experience once this happens. From the paypal website to VISA card validation, these sudden changes in user experience can make customers nervous.

Verified by Visa example form

It is important to clearly communicate what is happening and minimise the impact to the user. Too often users are simply dumbed onto these pages with no indication as to whether the order has been completed or why they are there.

Conclusions

The reason I have written this checklist is because in the rush to deploy it is easy to forget these nuances of design. However it is these details that make the checkout process pain free and trustworthy.

We often concentrate too much on functionality and not enough on user experience.

I am not suggesting that failing to implement any one of the points will drive a user away. However, combined they have a significant impact on how somebody perceives the reliability and ease of use of your website.

Sometimes it just needs another set of eyes to look over your checkout and pick up on these problems.

So what did I miss? What things would you add to my checkout checklist? Post your ideas in the comments below.

Are you concerned about your checkout process? I would love the opportunity to review it and help fix any problems found. Email me and I’ll take a look.

Looking for more ecommerce posts? Try my post on Calls to Actions.

Lou Rosenfeld on Search Analytics

Lou Rosenfeld shares how the search terms used on our websites can reveal a lot about our users.

Lou is kindly offering any Boagworld reader a 20% discount off of any product at RosenfeldMedia.com. Just use the code BOAGWORLD at checkout.

Paul: So joining me today is Lou Rosenfield, good to have you on the show Lou

Lou: Thanks Paul

Paul: So just in case one of the three people in the world that have never heard of you before is listening to this show right now, do you want to give yourself a bit of an introduction, just a little bit about who you are and how you come to be in the world that is web.

Lou: Sure, I once was a librarian and I moved into Information Architecture at a time when it was sort of seen as librarianship for the web and sometime in the mid nineties I co-wrote a book with Peter Morville called Information Architecture for the world wide web for O’Reilly, which is now in it’s third addition and a lot of people look to that book when they want to learn about information architecture. I have been involved in a lot of things in the IA community and more recently in the broader UX community User Experience and one of those things is as a publisher of User Experience books. My company is called Rosenfield Media, with seven titles out hopefully the eighth or ninth will be my new book which I am co-writing with Marko Hurst on site search analytics.

Rosenfeld Media

Paul: OK

Lou: so that’s what we are going to be talking about today and hopefully the book will be out by the end of the year.

Paul: ahh, that’s brilliant stuff, so I mean you have just done a virtual seminar for Jared Spool on this kind of subject as well and it is something that kind of peaked ny interest so I thought it would be great to get you on and talk about this subject, in someways you are very honoured if I may say so Lou because you are the first of our kind of one-off interviews that aren’t a part of the main Boagworld show because we are not doing that at the moment. But it was such an exciting area and something that really interested me that I was really keen to get you on and talk about this. So why don’t you tell us how analytics generally, not just search analytics but analytics generally how do you feel they inform the user experience ? Why should we be caring about this ? What difference does it make ?

Lou: Well a lot of people who do user experience work are both on the design side and the evaluation and research side we are not necessarily all that comfortable with the numbers and in fact many of us are in the neck of the woods of this profession that we are in because there is no a huge pressure to do statistical analysis and I think that is too bad I think that one of the things that really hurts us is that we are numbers adverse and with something like site search analytics you can actually learn quite a bit of information that will help inform your design work, with just an excel spreadsheet and a little bit of data that you already have, if you have a search engine, at some point there is some way, you may already be gathering, some way of gathering the data, you may already be gathering it somewhere and you don’t have to be a statistician. In fact one of the really interesting things about this type of data is that it is not all numbers it is actually very semantically rich. So what I am talking about with site search analytics is we are basically harvesting users’ search queries that are being executed on our own site search engines and they are telling us in their own words what it is they want from us and so we are not just doing statistical analysis we are actually looking at the semantic nature of what their interests are

Paul: Yeah

Lou: what their information needs are, so it is interesting as that is a little different from most analytics so if you shy away from analytics you might think about taking a special look at site search analytics and if you are an analytics person what I found paul is most analytics people don’t pay much attention into this area either, some are certainly good at SEO and looking at web searches that are drawing people to a particular site but once people are searching on the site it is sort of someone else’s table if you will. So site search analytics is kind of like the orphan child of these two fields that don’t pay much attention to it,web analytics and user research and I am hoping that our book helps change that a bit.

Paul: So what would, lets be clear what we are talking about here. We are talking about taking the search terms that people have searched for on your site and analysing that. To what end ? What benefits do you get from that ?

Lou: Well there are so many that I almost don’t know where to begin but a few basic ones, one is that you can very quickly by simply sorting the queries from most frequent to least frequent, in other words from like the ones that got three thousand instances, in other words a query that was search three thousand times last week might be your most frequent query and at the other end of the long tail the one that are only used once. if you know what that short head is you can actually by improving performance for those top few most frequent queries really improve the user experience overall. So we find that if you map it out that, I wish we could do this visually but it is something that is like a hockey stick curve, it is called the zip distribution, what you start seeing is that something like you top ten most frequent queries may account for something like ten or twenty percent of all the search activity in a given time period, and you know the top twenty or thirty queries you are still are talking about a pretty huge volume of all of search activity. So by doing things like for example adding best bet search results to the most frequent queries or by looking for queries that are finding nothing that are really common and plugging the content gaps or improving the meta data, labelling that content as or should as so as that content gets found you can really very quickly make a very big improvement and it gets even better than that Paul because if you start doing that type of tuning for the most frequent queries the ones that people most care about and do that on a regular basis say every month you are doing a great tuning process adjusting your sites performance to your users needs. The more you do things like that the more you can avoid what for me is just like the most dirty word in the industry and that is redesign.

Paul: [laughs] yeah absolutely.

Lou: so if we can do tuning the more we are going to fight of the urge to throw a million dollars or pounds at a big problem that we are really take on the wrong way so tuning over redesign any day. Site search analytics is a great component in the tuning process.

Paul: yes I talk about evolution rather then revolution, instead of redesigning which is this huge undertaking continually evolving your site and anything that helps to inform that has got to be incredibly valuable

Lou: Absolutely

Paul: But I mean a lot, something that a lot of people may already be doing is they may already be looking at the google results they are getting, the analytics they are getting there, what are the advantages of looking at your own internal search rather than the results that have been generated by google.

Lou: well if you look at the most common google or world wide keywords that are bringing people to your site often what you are going to see as the top ones are the name of organisation or some variant on it. So now lets say you just get rid of those, because those are not that interesting and you want to look at the things that are more open ended searches where people happen to not be looking for use to specifically find their way round your site, they are certainly going to be a lot of overlap but the sense I have is that first of all the people who are searching your site have more specific needs. They already know something about you it maybe that they are a different type of user we don’t only care about bringing people to our site and make sure they get there we also worry about the people who are native to your site who maybe repeat visitors and they may already be loyal customers we care about them retaining the customers is a lot less expensive then recruiting one.

Paul:so yes

Lou: so eh what can we do to learn about their needs specifically and I will tell you exactly, I have a theory I haven’t really been able to prove it yet but I think that the nature of the queries that come into your site on your search engine are going to be more specific and more finely grained than those that are coming in from the web that being the case you know what more specific, it is almost like a predictor what web searches are going to be in the future. In other words the assumption is that peoples’ searches get more specific over time so you could probably use your site search terms to help you figure out more specific and less expensive keywords to bid on in adwords

Paul: yes

Lou: So there might be a secret little approach you could take there to do a better job than instead of bidding on the general search terms in google that are going to be really expensive and not really going to be helping you that much

Paul: I guess there is also going to be an element of the fact that for somebody to arrive at your site from google on a particular search term then your site has to already have to have content to have been listed on google for the search term they typed in. While with internal search engine they could quite easily type in something that isn’t a term that you use on your website and as you talked about earlier you need to plug the gap of that, but you are never going to get that from google because they wouldn’t have been referring to your site if you did not have any content relating to that particular term. Does that kind of make any sense.

Lou: that is absolutely right and then there is another important way that you are going to benefit from analysing searching within your site again we don’t just care about getting people to a site, we care about their experience once they are there. One of the things we can learn about is where navigation fails. So let’s imagine that we know your site has, we sell thirty different products on your site and each product has it’s own main page, it’s overview page it is really interesting to do apple and apple comparisons of pages and what types of queries those pages create. Let me put it in a slightly better way if you are looking at your product over a few pages and look at the queries that start from those pages.

Paul: yeah

Lou: You start learning about our patterns of information needs once people have found their way to a particular product and you may see that that kind of deep horizontal or contextual navigation which you are generating raw, you can start seeing patterns where people are saying I am on our product page and I don’t see the navigation that is going to get me to the review page or to the forums page or whatever

Paul: right

Lou: So maybe there are links that you have there but they are not prominent enough or you are not labelling them well or maybe those links aren’t there at all. So now you can start coming up with some ideas hypotheses what the problem is there and just go and think about it and say I trust my hypotheses here that you know we are missing links or you can start doing some qualitative research, you could do some user testing to validate your hypotheses so it depends how you are going to make your decisions but you have got some great hypotheses and by the way that’s what analytics is really for it is not going to tell you why, it is not going to validate your hypotheses it is going to help you come up with good hypotheses that are data driven and analytics tells you what is happening, it tells you about behaviour and not why things are happening, that’s were you really need to bring in qualitative research.

Lou Rosenfeld

Flickr, eraserandcrowbar

Paul: Yes, that was really the next question I was going to ask is how does analytics sit along side traditional approaches to improving usability which is like user testing basically,

Lou: right

Paul: because traditionally when we want improve the user experience we turn to user testing we sit users down we show them stuff and there is a real value in that kind of back and forth dialogue that you have and you don’t get that from analytics you are saying they perform different roles.

Lou: They absolutely perform different roles and this is one of the things that I am finding in my consulting, i’m a publisher but I still have to make a living so I do a lot of consulting still and I am seeing organisations that have incredible staff and resources in their analytics groups and separately their user research groups and too infrequently the twain meet and there is a big disconnect there, that they are suffering from because they have, I mean many organisations have just great analytics now they have great tools like armature and they only can really know about what is happening they can not really know why things are happening but they don’t … there is a disconnect in terms of them have the people who can do the qualitative user research and take the next step and actually do some testing and try and learn about this hypotheses and show which ones are actually real so sometimes it is really straightforward like erm you know you want to do task analysis, which is a qualitative approach it is not like any other user testing it is not cheap to do but if you had informed the kind of task that you are going to be testing by looking at your top queries you would be doing a better job it is going to point you and help you devote that expensive work, that qualitative research budget in a more efficient and effective way. What about when you are developing personas why not take if you can, get that audience segmented queries and start building those as a expression of the information needs for each, within each persona. You know we were just talking there it reminded me of a great story years ago I believe it was at Lands End, a US clothing retailer

Paul: OK

Lou: and they were looking in their search logs and they saw a preponderance of SKUs, er product ids but those codes were not on their website and they were really confused

Paul: yes

Lou: so they didn’t know why those were there and they knew what to do which was to start supporting the inclusion of SKUs into product pages so people would actually be able to get that information right away but then they followed up the site search analytics work they did with an ethnographic study where they went out into the field and watched how their customers were interacting with the information in the columns and what they found was, it was probably about ten years ago, that people were not comfortable using the website catalogue to do research they were used to using the printed catalogue, it is familiar it is high res easy to use so they would do their shopping browsing the catalogue but then they did not want to use the catalogue mail order or the 800 number ordering systems instead they went onto the website for Lands end and entered the SKUs and did their shopping there

Paul: aaahhhh yes

Lou: so there is interesting things that all types of data when folded in with user research can tell us and certainly site search analytics is no exception to that.

Paul: hmmm, I mean the thing is, is that collecting the data is the easy part and there are so many great tools out there you know and so many free great tools that enable you to collect this search data or other analytics data but collecting data is easy interpretation on the other hand is much harder I think a lot of people when they are faced with this kind of information are a little bit overwhelmed on where to start or how to get information out of it, earlier you were saying that this is relatively easy but it doesn’t feel like it when you are faced with it so what should we be looking at to better understand how our sites are being used, what should we be doing with this data.

Lou: Right here’s the beauty of the what I described early the zip distribution is that it really promotes scalability in terms of your efforts so if you have an hour I recommend looking at those top ten queries

Paul: Sure

Lou: and seeing what is going on, even just testing them out and see how they are performing and that is something you can do in a very small amount of time, maybe you only need the top five. It is not a lot of work and it has a real big impact.

Paul: Sorry so when you say testing them out what do you mean by that how would you test them out.

Lou: so you casn take those queries and just go ahead and search them on your site

Paul: and see what’s returned

Lou: and see what’s returned and do you think they are returning good search results do you think there are important things that are being missed if so why? Start testing it out and actually hmmmm, there is a really great case study that Vanguard did, Vanguard is a US based financial services company and they have really invested heavily in this we are actually profiling their work in our book and what I can do is provide you a url for the case study and there is a presentation and it is really eye-opening, I will give you the url Paul so maybe you can share it along with the podcast.

Paul: Great

Lou: but I don’t have it at my fingertips right now

Paul: no that is fine, that’s OK

Lou: your question was?

Paul: essentially yes, that, erm no I have forgotten it myself now [laughs] brain’s gone dead

Lou: I was just going to say there is not only this issue of just a little bit of work will go very far but a lot of times people are overwhelmed when they see the analytics reports and part of the problem is those reports are canned reports some of them are pretty universally useful and interesting regardless of what kind of organisation you are in so it is good to see things like your most recent queries or which queries are failing, retrieving zero results but I really encourage people to get at the data and roll their sleeves up themselves and basically wade in and play with the data. So get beyond the canned reports and if you got just even get your hands on a couple hundred of your top queries and put them in excel and then just play with them. By play with them I mean looking for clusters or categories and just things that might emerge like wow there is some unique outliers here there is interesting queries, like Lands End did finding a lot of SKU searches in their logs, that is not necessarily, there is no right or wrong way to do it just the idea of just sort of experimenting and doing what the statisticians call exploratory data analysis so you are really literally just playing with the data. You might even map it out and chart it out in Excel and just sort of see what comes from it.

Paul: Yes

Lou: So one thing I encourage people to do is to try to categorise the data in other words gee it seems like there is a lot of queries here about physical places, maybe our organisation has different offices or campuses or different buildings, look for things that seem to be people or different topics that emerge what you start doing is that you force yourself to get very close to the way users are thinking because you are looking at what their needs are, and actually it is a good way of looking at what sort of metadata your site ought to have and what kinds of content type people seem to be asking for and it might even help you do things like prioritise your next content migration because you start getting a sense of what are the really important content types that people seem to be requesting when they are searching so there are other things which you might delve into. Queries, you might see a lot of queries that are like dates, and I know the Financial Times did that and they now support sorting search results by date, filtering them by date. You know one of the things the Financial Times does, it is a great example, is they look for spikes in names of people and companies.

Paul: OK

Lou: and when they see that it is all of a sudden this person is being searched for a lot they compare those names, the spikes to the recent week of editorial coverage and if there is a discrepancy they bring this up to the editorial board

Paul: Wow

Lou: and they say hey, you know we are getting a lot of searches for so and so or this company and then the editors can decide if they want to have their beat reporters look into it, in a way it is almost a way of predicting the future.

Paul: So it is even more than informing the website, it is actually informing their editorial policy

Lou: Absolutely and of course those things are increasingly one and the same in many organisations

Paul: Yes absolutely

Information Architecture for the World Wide Web

Lou: so when you look actually when you do this over time they see a very strong seasonal effect in many organisation’s cases so what you might find is that even at different times of day people are looking at different types of information and that can inform the way you do things like put information on your main page or in other parts of your site that are high traffic pages and by the way one of the nice things about doing that is it helps to start beating down decision makers who want the main page to be about them, you know it is a political thing and if you can bring data that shows what users really want to those type of discussions you have a much better case, likelihood of heading off political battles over prime real estate on your site.

Paul: yeah, absolutely. Do you think the trouble with analytics is that it can be you know read in so many different ways and do you think there are occasions where your analytics can be misleading in understanding a site’s user experience.

Lou: Absolutely

Paul: if so where do things often go wrong ? What should we be looking out for ?

Lou: Well one of the problems is that you know there is no one tool that should solve all of our problems, and I am the first to say that site search analytics is not the end or the be all it is one thing that should influence our decision making alongside a nice robust collection of research methods qualitative and quantative, behavioural and attitudinal that should make up our research toolkits. That said you know when you are interpreting data one of the real mistakes I think we make is we leave that interpretation to one person for a huge organisation and I am a big proponent of merging both the quantative data that is often in the hands of a single analyst with the type of user research we are doing in other areas. In other words put the data in the hands of users

Paul: OK

Lou: So when I was describing to you for example a moment ago looking at top queries and sort of doing clustering and sorting with it and playing with it yourself what I actually really recommend is you have a bunch of users or subjects to do that.

Paul: Wow

Lou: So I am going to learn something about what my taxonomy out to be, or what types of meta data I should support or my content types might be I can do that myself but I would rather something along the lines of a modified card sort

Paul: yeah

Lou: with five or ten users, you know maybe I do not have to do that every month, if I do that every year or two. But when I put that in the hands of users and that is just a beautiful hybrid of the best of quantative and qualitative research.

Paul: hmmm, yes I like that a lot, kind of combining those approaches and yes that makes a lot of sense to me. I mean we talk very much so far about search analytics but obviously a lot of these principals you are talking about apply broader than that into kind of general analytics

Lou: right

Paul: but I am interested in what your thoughts are on you know even broader analytics tools or related analytic tools things like polls and surveys, I mean you see a lot of organisations have feedback widgets or they have, they do surveys and polls on your website and I am always a little unsure of the value of these things you know. On one had I can see

Lou: I am too

Paul: oh you are too? I am glad it is not just me, so what is your perspective on that kind of thing

Lou: Well in general I think all tools have there purposes and the real problem comes when we try and make one tool you know a hammer not only hammer nails put somehow put screws in and so forth

Paul: yeah

Lou: So I am really not a big fan of like relying on polls and surveys as a way to get a comprehensive view of users needs because of the self selection bias they introduce right off the bat

Paul: What you mean because there, you tend to get polarised results people are either really exceptionally happy and feel the need to tell you or more commonly they are just very pissed off

Lou: Exactly

Paul: you know if they are in the middle ground they are not likely to bother filling in the survey or a poll

Lou: Right, so I would say well you know that is useful information take it with a grain of salt like you just described I would then want to have a few other methods. Each of these methods is a lens on reality but an incomplete lens it’s a, it’s the blind man with the elephant nobody has the full picture you need to have a few that said something like polling or asking for feedback can be done more intelligently if it is, you think about doing it in a real contextual way. So for example if someone does a search you have seen these widgets that say did you find what you are looking for

Paul: Yes

Lou: I think that is a better way of doing it, because you are not just asking did you like us

Paul: Yes, absolutely yes

Lou: it is not before you leave were you happy ? of course you are going to get a really polarised maybe too open ended kind of data from that but if it is focused and contextual then you can knowingly better data but then you can also ask for a little more. if someone says I did not receive what I… I did not find what I was looking for when I did a search that is really a good time to ask for more information like what did you want to find when you did this search and then you are actually sort of closing pretty important feedback loop no just between the user and the site but you can take that feedback and send it back to the appropriate content owners side of the organisation and draw them into the process. So that is one of the big problems is that we have great content but our content owners don’t seem to want to get beyond the fact that their content is part of a much larger collection of information and that’s why they don’t bother following labelling guidelines or titling guidelines or applying meta data well. So if we can start showing them that their content isn’t just their content but it is part of something bigger, it is part of a natural marketplace of information that makes up the site and start showing them that their information is not being found when it should be found and showing them some data that suggests that you know they are falling down on the job then we have a much better change of getting them to follow content authoring and labelling and tagging policies and procedures that we may have set up for them. So a lot of organisations try to force people to them and it never seems to work too well but if you can educate people by showing them some data that suggests that their content would for example succeed if they would do something differently like following policies then it actually works.

Paul: yes there is something very powerful about presenting users, not not users internal stakeholders with data to back up your arguments and what they need to be doing. There is one question I kind of want to end up with really it is something I am really interested to hear your perspective on someone who spends a lot of time with analytics which is almost really a kind of moral question that you do feel that we can gather a huge amount of analytical data on our users and there are even tools, I don’t know if you have come across click tales.

Lou: hmmm hmm

Paul: that can go further and record user action and see people using and moving around the site is there a kind of line here as to what is kind of acceptable to do and what is not. It is almost a moral question in a way and I was just interested in your perspective on how much can we pry into user’s behaviour.

Lou: Right, so that is a really good one Paul, and if fact in terms of search analytics there was a really interesting yet somewhat unpleasant case about three years ago that made the front page of the New York Times you may have come across there were some AoL researchers who had a whole bunch of search data from the AoL site web search engine and they released it for research purposes however that data had people’s user ids not there names but their user id and this is like hundred’s of thousands of users and millions of queries and what people started doing within a day was to grab the data from the database and start searching just for one id and based on looking at all the queries associated with that one user id they could figure out who that user was

Paul: shee whizz

Lou: as well as what they were searching and in fact the New York Times reporters tried doing it themselves and they identified a woman in Georgia here in the states and they called her up and said is this you and she said yes. I am sure it was a disquieting moment for her

Paul: Absolutely

Lou: and much more disquieting for the individuals that were doing things like searching on child pornography

Paul: yes

Lou: so erm I think the issue is if you are going to do this work you have to be really careful to look at it as an exploration of collective behaviour, you have to be very careful to block opportunities for data to leak out or for someone else to get hold of data in way that will show individual behaviours and help identify who an individual is, and with or book what we are doing is looking at sets of data that tell us nothing about individuals and only looking at it collectively and that is how we think you should do it. Let’s worry about serving the majority of the people that are visiting our site the major audiences and not worry so much about individuals and let’s protect their privacy.

Paul: How does that relate mind when you start looking at e-commerce sites, you know that obviously use analytics heavily to recommend products and stuff. I am always a bit torn over that one because you know one one hand that obviously provides a real benefit to users and I quite like the fact that when I go to Amazon it will remind me the latest Battlestar Galactica DVD is out because it knows I like that but there is a line isn’t there where that analytics data steps over when it stops being useful to when it becomes creepy I am not really sure where that is – it is funny that isn’t it.

Lou: I think it has so much to do with how much you as a user or customer trusts that organisation.

Paul: yeah

Lou: So although they drive me nuts as a publisher Amazon is great to it’s customers and I think they manage to us that data in ways that delight us because they have some really smart and really careful designers and researchers there that are sensitive to these types of issues and they have got a great track record of customer service so we would feel a little differently maybe if we went to whatever large organisation that we are uncomfortable with at the moment, wether it is the government or I don’t know I can’t think of a good example but I think it comes down to your personal feelings about who is using that information. I would like to see in many respects more organisations doing just that I mean image your university experience if you could see the courses you were taking were taken by, what others were taking the courses you were taking you could learn a little bit more in a very disciplined way, that would be a delightful way to use that information yeah absolutely, but do you trust that institution – hopefully we trust the institution that is educating us in that particular example.

Paul: One would hope so [laughs]. Lou that has been absolutely brilliant it has been so fascinating to think through some of the power of the data that we are collecting and you know we are all collecting this data but I don’t think we are utilising it or know what to do with it so it has been absolutely fascinating to talk to you and thank you so much for taking the time to come on the show and hopefully we will get you back again soon.

Lou Rosenfeld Blog

Lou: Paul it’s a pleasure I really appreciate the opportunity thanks very much.

Paul: Thank you.

About Lou Rosenfeld

Louis Rosenfeld is an independent information architecture consultant and founder of Rosenfeld Media, a user experience publishing house.

He has been instrumental in helping establish the field of information architecture, and in articulating the role and value of librarianship within the field.

Lou has helped such organizations as PayPal, AT&T, Caterpillar, Ford, Microsoft and the CDC make their information easier to find.

He is co-author of Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, considered the bible of the field, and has been a regular contributor to Web Review, Internet World, and CIO magazines.

Lou is co-founder of the Information Architecture Institute and helped found the Information Architecture Summit. He blogs regularly at www.louisrosenfeld.com, and tweets even more regularly @louisrosenfeld .

Lou is kindly offering any Boagworld reader a 20% discount off of any product at RosenfeldMedia.com. Just use the code BOAGWORLD at checkout.

What am I meant to listen to now?

Although the Boagworld podcast will return with a new format in 6 months, the question still remains – what are you mean’t to listen to now?

As you will have gathered we are taking a break from the Boagworld Podcast after 5 years of recording.

You guys have been so incredibly supportive about this decision. Many of you have expressed your sadness about the show ending, but equally understandd our desire to do something new.

However, Mike from New Zealand asked a very pertinent question…

What am I meant to listen to now?

Somehow this seemed a fitting question for the last listener segment of the show. So here is my answer…

We will still be putting out audio

Although we will not be publishing a regular show over the next few months, we will still be releasing the occasional piece of audio. In particular I am intending to produce the odd interview and release audio from some of my presentations.

Because these will not be ‘full shows’ I won’t be releasing them as part of the main boagworld podcast feed. Instead they will appear on the Bitesize feed, so if you aren’t already subscribed then now would be a good time.

or subscribe via iTunes.

Boagworld Audioboo

Also don’t forget the daily Audioboo’s I record where I give short audio tips on running a successful website.

Other web design podcasts

Obviously nothing is going to match the professionalism, entertainment and pure polish of the Boagworld podcast ;-) but there are actually quite a few web design shows out there.

In fact there are so many now that I cannot mention them all. We have come along way over the past 5 years. There was none when I started Boagworld.

Although I cannot mention them all I will highlight the ones I personally listen to…

The Big Web Show

This relatively new show is fronted by Jeffrey Zeldman and is shaping up to the a good one. Most episodes run to about 50 minutes and consist of an informal discussion with various ‘web celebs’.

The Big Web Show

Think Vitamin Radio

Produced by the guys at Carsonified this show feels more like a glimpse behind the scenes of their business. Hosted by Ryan Carson, Keir Whitaker and Mike Kus it focuses mainly on web design news and lasts about 30 minutes.

Think Vitamin Radio

Sitepoint

Recorded by various people from the Sitepoint.com community this show is essentially a round table discussion of web related topics and news. Shows tend to run at about one hour long and probably are the closest in style to Boagworld.

SitePoint Podcast

Spoolcast

Spoolcast is produced by Brian Christiansen and Jared Spool. This long running show focuses largely on usability and primarily seems to feature excerpts from various events run by User Interface Engineering. Because the show mainly consists of presentations most run for about 30-40 minutes.

SpoolCast

There are also loads of video podcasts which are worth mentioning. However, video cannot replace audio when it comes to commuting, walking the dog or going to the gym. Bearing in mind we are looking to replace boagworld I will leave the video shows for another time.

But if we are looking for audio education we do not need to limit ourselves to podcasts.

Audiobooks

I have become a massive fan of audiobooks. Rarely do I have time to sit and read a book, but there are always opportunities to listen to one. Whether mowing the lawn, driving to work or even doing the ironing, audiobooks are a great way of making mundane tasks more interesting and educational.

Although there are not many web design related audiobooks, there are some related titles which will help broaden your knowledge. What follows are a random selection of my personal favourites…

Made to Stick

Why do some ideas thrive while others die? And how do we improve the chances of worthy ideas? In Made to Stick, accomplished educators and idea collectors Chip and Dan Heath tackle head-on these vexing questions.

A perfect book for website owners and web designers who are striving to make their websites more engaging and to communicate better with users.

made to stick book cover

Crush it!

Do you have a hobby you wish you could indulge in all day? An obsession that keeps you up at night? Now is the perfect time to take that passion and make a living doing what you love. In Crush It! Gary Vaynerchuk shows you how to use the power of the Internet to turn your real interests into real businesses.

Because Gary narrates this audiobook himself, it bristles with energy and enthusiasm. If you want a crash course in how to make the web work as a marketing and business tool then this is a great place to start.

Crush It book cover

Nudge

Thaler and Sunstein show that by knowing how people think, we can design choice environments that make it easier for people to choose what is best for themselves, their families, and their society.

This superb book is so applicable to us as web designers. It shows us how to guide users through a website by nudging them in the right direction. I have learnt so much from this book and it has changed the way I design and run websites.

Nudge Book Cover

The Tipping Point

Like the best social dynamics professor you never had, Malcolm Gladwell deconstructs a wide range of phenomena (from the reduction of crime in New York to the rise of Sesame Street) to deliver a fascinating understanding of how “social epidemics” spread.

All of Malcolm Gladwell’s books are well worth a read but the Tipping Point is the most appropriate to us as website owners and designers. If you are looking to build brand online or spread the word about a project you are working on, then The Tipping Point is a ‘must read’.

The Tipping Point Book Cover

Conferences

Finally I wanted to mention conference talks. The majority of web design conferences now release audio versions of their presentations.

Although this is an amazing educational resources for any web designer or website owner, it does come with two inherent problems…

  • It can often be hard to find out who is releasing what. This means it is easy to miss incredibly valuable and free content.
  • A lot of these conferences stagger the release of their talks and fail to provide an RSS feed you can subscribe to in itunes or your podcatcher of choice.

Fortunately Jeremy Keith has solved these problems with his amazing Huffduffer app.

Huffduffer

Huffduffer provides a bookmarklet that can be used on any page with an audio file. The bookmarklet grabs the audio and add it to your own custom RSS feed.

You can subscribe to this RSS feed in iTunes and hey presto you have your own custom podcast made up of any random audio you find on the web.

However even better is the fact that HuffDuffer recommends content. It shows the most popular content and content from those who share a similar interest. It truly is a superb application and perfect for tracking down and listening to conference material.

But don’t forget us

Of course, all of this is only a stop gap measure! We will be back with something new and exciting very soon. We just want to experiment with some ideas before we do.

Web Design News 22/06/10

This week: The Boagworld Podcast goes off air, how to design better and faster, using stories in your design ideas and how to think from a users perspective.

Boagworld Podcast takes a break

The biggest news of the week (at least if you are listening to this… maybe) is that this will be the last Boagworld Podcast in its present format.

As I announced this week on the Boagworld blog we are taking a 6 month break from podcasting before returning with a new show and a new format.

To be honest at this stage we are not quite sure what that will be. That is why we wanted to take 6 months off to experiment with new formats and different material.

Between now and the end of the year we will still be putting out just as much content as we are now, but in a variety of different formats as we experiment with where to take Boagworld.

In fact we are starting these experimentations with a niche Webinar that we will be holding on the 21st July. If you work as part on an in-house web team then you maybe interested in joining us for a free interactive session where we talk about battling bureaucracy and ensuring the website gets the attention it deserves. To register your place email me on [email protected]. Remember to secure a place you need to be a permanent member of a web team in a large(ish) corporate or public sector organisation.

This will no doubt be just the first of more niche content that addresses the different needs of different members of the web community.

Dolphins saying 'So long and thanks for all the fish'

ShopArtGallery, Shutterstock

Design Better And Faster With Rapid Prototyping

If you have watched my presentation about Pain Free Design Signoff you will know I am a great believer in working collaboratively with our clients and showing them everything from initial sketches to final comps.

However considering the looks I get from some other web designers when I suggest such a hands on role for the client, I was beginning to wonder if I was alone in this view.

Fortunately an article entitled “Design Better And Faster With Rapid Prototyping” on Smashing Magazine has reassured me otherwise.

When talking about engaging all stakeholders in the design and prototyping process the author writes…

Doing this rapidly and iteratively generates feedback early and often in the process, improving the final design and reducing the need for changes during development.

He goes on to say…

Rapid prototyping helps teams experiment with multiple approaches and ideas, it facilitates discussion through visuals instead of words, it ensures that everyone shares a common understanding, and it reduces risk and avoids missed requirements, leading to a better design faster.

I couldn’t agree more!

The post goes on to look at how best to use prototyping and client interaction in the design process. In particular it looks at the fidelity of your prototypes in terms of design, functionality and content.

A graph describing the different levels of fidelity in prototypes from sketches to fully interactive websites using real content

He also provides a great list of do’s and don’ts that includes my favourite line in the post…

Do work collaboratively with users, business and IT stakeholders while rapid prototyping. Apart from giving valuable feedback, they also gain a sense of ownership of the final product.

This is a great article and definitely worth reading.

Using Stories for Design Ideas

Prototyping is a great way for discussing possible solutions. However, often there is a need to communicate and discuss the underlying problem first.

Before we can agree that a new feature is required, we first need to agree what problem it is solving. To do that we need to understand what the user wants.

User testing can partly help, however it doesn’t really focus on understanding the users ‘story’ or their motivation.

An article on Johnny Holland Magazine talks about how stories can guide our design process and inform what we do on our websites.

This is a new concept for me and one I am still wrapping my head around. However, as I understand it the idea is to take the problems we believe users are experiencing and weave them into a ‘story.’ This story that not only identifies the problem but also how the user feels and behaves.

Once you have the story it becomes easier to rewrite with a ‘happy ending.’ An ending where your website solves the user’s problem.

It’s a hard concept to explain so I recommend checking out the post. It contains lots of examples of how to turn a basic problem into a story and then how to use that story to generate a solution.

In essence it is an alternative to brainstorming that is ideal for the collaborative approach I have been talking about. This is because everybody is working from the same stories and so understands the problem that needs solving and the proposed solution.

An example of user centric thinking

While on the subject of understanding the users thinking, I want to conclude with an example and how it can solve very real problems.

The problem I want to look at is checkout abandonment. More and more people are abandoning the checkout process when purchasing from an ecommerce site. Of those users a whopping 29% are giving up because they are forced to register. That is second only to hidden charges being applied at checkout.

Abadnoned shopping cart

Sam Aronov, Shutterstock

In order to solve this problem you need to understand how users think. Why do they hate registering so much?

According to econsultancy the reasons are as follows…

  • Completing my purchase will take much longer than if I didn’t register.
  • I will need to provide lots more personal information.
  • I will start getting spammed with offers and promotions.
  • The retailer will pass my personal details on to third parties, who will also start spamming me.
  • Why do they need me to register? All I want to do is buy this one thing.

After reading that list you can understand the users point of view. The question then arises – why not remove registration entirely? As econsultancy points out, there are a lot of benefits for both the customer and retailer in registering. It’s just that the user cannot see that.

The real genius of the econsultancy post is what it does next. After identifying the feelings of both customer and retailers the post focuses on the crux of the problem…

The ironic thing about the whole ‘encourage customers register’ challenge is that when you break it all down, all new customers should be required to simply complete is one additional field – the create password field.

By understanding the users objections on a granular level you discover quite how small a problem is how obvious the solution.

Instead of asking the user to register up front you move the password creation field to the end of the checkout accompanied by the question “Would you like to save your details for next time?”

Actually I think it could be made even more compelling by asking “Would you like to save time when you next purchase?”

By understanding that while purchasing the user is focused on the buying process rather than registration, it becomes much easier to find the right solution.

This is user centric thinking in action.

User testing for disposable websites

Increasingly any marketing campaign is accompanied by a landing page or microsite, but how do you justify user testing such short term sites.

I recently received an email from a boagworld listener called Adrian…

I work for an integrated marketing agency, and many of the site’s we create are campaign driven, that is to say they are short lived, small to medium sites.

My questions are…

  • How do you apply justification for usability and what emphasis do you think is important for usability on small sites?
  • How would you manage this on a compressed time line and tight budget?

Those are good questions and you are not alone in asking them. Headscape also builds short term campaign orientated websites and we have asked ourselves whether we should be user testing such sites.

As with most things in life there are no set answers. However, it is possible to argue that it is as important (if not more important) to test campaign sites.

Why it is so important to user test campaign websites

As Adrian points out in his email these campaign websites are often built with limited budgets. However, the budget of the overall campaign is often substantial. What is more, the website fulfils two critical roles in these campaigns.

First, the website tracks the success or failure of the campaign. The website is the call to action users are encouraged to complete after viewing a TV advertisements, clicking an online ad or responding to whatever other form of promotion the campaign uses. Without the website there would be no way to judge the response rate.

However, more importantly the website is a crucial step in engagement. Getting a large response from a marketing campaign is only the first step. The more crucial metric is how many of those people actually take action.

Big Butterfly Count

Take for example of the “Big Butterfly Count” built by Headscape. It is not enough for users to view the website after seeing it featured in some publication. They also need to take action by downloading a Butterfly ID chart and counting butterflies.

With only a finite time to drive traffic and make conversions it is imperative that the website has the greatest impact possible.

Visitors to the site do not return often enough to overcome usability hurdles and don’t care enough to be self motived.

It falls to the website to motivate users and guide them painlessly through the processes of taking action. The only way to ensure we are doing that successfully is by testing.

But time and budgets are tight

The problem (as Adrian has pointed out) is that time and budget are tight. However user testing does not have to be extensive for time consuming. Here is a few things to bear in mind when doing quick and dirty user testing…

  • Test early in the process – Show users sketches and mockups rather than waiting until you have produced the final design. This makes it much easier to change elements if required.
  • A handful of people is better than none – You don’t need to test with lots of people. 6 is perfectly adequate to catch the major howlers. However even showing the site to 3 people is better than nothing at all.
  • Screw demographics – Recruitment is by far the most time consuming aspect of user testing. If time and budget are tight just get anybody outside of the project to look at your work. Any fresh set of eyes will pick up things you have missed. Ideally find somebody who is not a web ninja like yourself. Your mum is always a safe bet.
  • User testing does not to stop once the site is live – If time is tight, launch the website and refine afterwards. Infact live sites provide a superb opportunity to test with large numbers of users who exactly match your demographic. You can use tools like the Google Website Optimiser to A/B test different approaches.

As you can see user testing does not need to impact your timeline and will only have a minimal effect on budget. With tools like the Google website optimiser available for free free, there is nothing stopping you.

Web Design News 08/06/10

This week: A psychologist’s view of web design, a gaggle of usability testing posts, the need for speed and inspiration kills.

A psychologist’s view of web design

As you will have gathered from last week’s show and our interview with Stephen Anderson, there is a lot of excitement about the impact of psychology on web design at the moment.

Human Brain

This week alone we have 3 great posts on the subject…

The Psychologists view of UX design is an informative rundown of how the human mind influences our behaviour on the web. Topics include…

  • People don’t like to work or think more than they have to.
  • Human memory is complicated.
  • People create mental models.
  • People crave information.
  • Most mental processing occurs unconsciously.

There is a similar article about the psychology of web design on the Web Designers Depot. This post covers topics such as…

  • Building trust.
  • Familiarity and pattern recognition.
  • Colour psychology.
  • Focus.
  • Reading patterns.

Finally there is a brilliant video on emotional design featuring Aral Balkan’s talk at Future of Web Design. According to twitter this was the highlight of the conference and is definitely worth checking out.

Whether you are a web designer or website owner it would appear that psychology has a lot to teach us and we need to start paying attention.

Inspiration kills

Talking of FOWD, one of the things I said in my presentation was how we spend far too much time looking at inspiration galleries.

Interesting the same issue has resurfaced this week in a post entitled ‘Inspiration Kills.’

My argument against inspiration galleries was that they are sinkhole for your time. That the time spent paging through endless ‘cool’ designs would be better spent learning something new.

Inspiration Gallery

The ‘Inspiration Kills’ post takes a different tact arguing that inspiration galleries replace creativity with other people’s work…

I think though that there is a darker side to inspiration galleries. This darker side is the thing that sucks up your imagination and fills the gaps with other people’s work.

However great other people’s designs are, by following their lead you surrender your opportunity to innovate and create original work.

For me the author sums up the best approach beautifully when he writes…

If you do go out to seek inspiration, don’t look for it in the usual places, the countless galleries and showcases displaying work of your fellow designers. Going this route will ensure your originality gets killed. Look for it elsewhere, in nature and in designs unrelated to your subject.

As I have said before, I am increasingly turning to subjects areas like physiology, marketing or business for inspiration. Not all design inspiration has to be visual and it certainly doesn’t have to be web based.

A gaggle of usability testing posts

First we had a plethora of physiology posts, now we have a gaggle of usability articles.

This week I have found 3 posts on usability testing that I just can’t help but mention.

The first is A List Apart article on quick and dirty remote user testing.

The idea of remote user testing has become increasingly popular thanks partly to advocates like Steve Krug who spoke about it recently on this show.

Remote testing is a viable alternative to conventional testing and although it is not as effective as face to face, it is cheaper and easier. If you run a website and have previous considered user testing too time consuming or expensive then read this article.

Talking of Steve Krug, he has released a video demonstrating just how easy it is to run a usability test session. If you feel you need an expert to run test sessions and that is stopping you from testing then watch this video. I challenge you to find something in here you couldn’t do yourself.

The final post is from UXBooth and focuses on encouraging negative feedback during user testing.

User struggling to be honest in a test session

Konstantin Chagin, Shutterstock

It can be surprisingly hard to get users to be honest about their experiences when testing. They fear offending you or looking stupid so they are often guarded about being negative. Its therefore great to see an article tackling how best to encourage people to be honest.

The need for speed

Our final news story for the day is another post by Gerry McGovern. This week, Gerry is talking about the “Need for Speed“.

The post focuses on users obsession with speed. He sums it up best at the end when he writes…

Time is the most valuable resource, and it will only become more and more precious. Those who relentlessly focus on saving the customer time will have a truly future-proof strategy. Those who waste their customers’ time with disruptive marketing and advertising, confusing menus and links and smilely people images will ultimately end up as road kill on the information superhighway.

Setting aside his reference to the information superhighway (really Gerry? Who uses that term anymore?), he makes a good point.

It is easy to build websites that are too slow and insist on communicating information the user just doesn’t care about.

Gerry quotes Google…

“We may be the only people in the world who can say our goal is to have people leave our homepage as quickly as possible.”

He then goes on to write…

It’s counterintuitive, isn’t it? Get them off your website as quickly as possible having done what they came to your website to do. It’s truly the opposite philosophy to sticky websites or sticky marketing.

Although I disagree with his definition of sticky websites (for me it is a site that users return to rather than stay on a long time), I do agree that we should be helping users complete their tasks as quickly as possible.

Google’s decision to factor in speed into its search algorithm is not down to an illogical obsession on their part. They know users want to complete tasks as quickly as possible and Google want to help them.

Usability testing in action

A lot of people think that running a usability session is difficult… its not. This recording of a usability test session proves otherwise.

Steve Krug is one of the world’s leading experts in usability. However, far from continually demonstrating his expertise he strives to make usability testing easier for anybody to do.

He believes that every web project should include user testing and makes the process so simple that there is no reason not to test. The video below demonstrates just how easy it is to run a usability test session.

If you are a website owner or web design who does not regularly test your websites, this is a much watch.

Buy “Rocket Surgery Made Easy” the book that accompanies this video

Read my interview with Steve Krug

Don’t lose perspective for the sake of good search engine placement

Admit it, you want to be number one on Google. We all do. However, if you let it become an obsession it can ruin your site.

I have never really understood website owners obsession with search engine optimisation. In fact not long ago I wrote an article entitled “Why I don’t get SEO“. Boy was that a mistake!

My post basically outlined 5 reservations I had about search engine optimisation…

  • It’s a continual investment
  • It’s manipulating the search engines
  • It damages user experience
  • It’s a passive form of marketing
  • It doesn’t carry the weight of a personal recommendation

Personally I thought I was raising some reasonable point. However, shortly after publishing the post it all kicked off big time. I obviously offended the SEO community and quickly feared for my life. But hey, I often seem to offend people. It must be my winning personality.

Image of a riot

kojoku, Shutterstock

Ultimately I think it was a risk worth taking. A number of people wrote excellent responses to my post (1) (2) and it had some great comments .

I discovered I have been unfortunate enough to work with the most evil SEO companies (hence my negative view) and that SEO has a serious image problem.

Worst still, many website owners and quite a few web designers have a false impression of SEO. That is what I want to address in this post, starting with the universal truth – there are no quick fixes.

There are no quick fixes

I am not sure which came first, the website owners unrealistic demands or the SEO companies outrageous promises. Either way both sides are living in some a make-believe world where driving tons of new traffic is as simple as fiddling with the code of your site and getting a few people to link to you.

Back in the real world things are different. SEO is a long term commitment and will not provide results overnight. Always be hesitant of those who tell you otherwise.

Put users above search engines

As I said at the beginning of this post I think SEO has an image problem and it lies in the term ‘search engine optimisation’.

The name implies that you are ‘optimising the site for search engines’. However, from what I have learnt this is not the case. Reputable SEO companies always put the user first.

Search engine optimization

kentoh, Shutterstock

Think about it for a minute. Why do you want to be number one on Google? The answer is almost always to drive more users to your site. Why do you want more users? Again the answer is almost always to convince those users of something. That might be to buy a product or embrace an idea. Whatever the case the entire scenario revolves around the user.

SEO shouldn’t be about making your site more friendly to search engines but about making it more findable by humans.

Now you could argue these are semantics. To make the site more findable by humans it needs to be optimised for search engines. However, if you don’t make that distinction it is easy to start compromising the usability and accessibility of your site in order to gain a higher ranking.

Always remember a higher ranking is not the aim. The aim is to convince as many users as possible to respond in some way to your site.

SEO should reinforce (not undermine) best practice

When you make your goal better search engine placement it can begin to compromise a lot more than user experience.

Done incorrectly SEO can undermine the code of your website too. Before you know it your sites code is stuffed with headings and even in extreme cases hidden content.

You could argue that code doesn’t matter. After all that doesn’t impact our overall goal of converting users. However it does have other significant impacts on…

  • Performance
  • Site maintainability
  • The cost of future redesigns

It can also directly impact those using mobile devices or assistive technology (such as screen readers).

The irony here is that done right SEO should actually enhance the quality of your site’s code. In fact if your web designer has done their job properly your site should already preform well in search engine rankings.

Unfortunately too often web designers do not do their job well and SEO companies resort to excessive code manipulation to improve rankings.

It is important to find suppliers that understand the importance of best practice and respect it so preserving code quality.

SEO should improve not damage copy

In the same way that good SEO should improve code, it should also improve your site’s copy.

The one thing that has made me madder than anything else is when SEO companies screw with a site’s copy. Too often I have worked with companies that want to stuff well written copy with keywords or add excessive words to a page just to increase it’s ranking.

Keyword Research Tool

There is no better way of driving users away from a site than making the content of your site long and unreadable.

The bizarre thing is that actually SEO should create better copy, not worse. In order to write copy that ranks well on search engines it is first necessary to understand the terms your target audience use when searching. If used correctly this keyword research should improve your copy encouraging you to writ in the tone of voice and language used by your visitors.

A good SEO company should have a copywriter who can do this research and then write engaging text that uses the language of your users. It is the copywriter you need as much as the SEO wizard.

SEO should be apart of a broader marketing strategy

Many website owners become so obsessed with SEO that they focus on it at the detriment of all else.

In reality SEO should be just one component of a broader marketing strategy that includes both online and offline elements.

A good SEO company should also be able to help you utilise social media, paid advertising and other forms of online engagement to attract a larger audience. They should also be able to encourage your audience to promote your site through word of mouth recommendation.

The traffic vs conversion divide

To a large extent I think the problem of SEO derives from how the industry sells itself and what website owners ask for.

User clicking on a buy now button

Vitaly M, Shutterstock

In both cases the emphasis is on improved ranking. However as I have already said that is not the ultimate aim. An increase in conversion numbers is what website owners really need. This is achieved through a mix of increasing traffic and converting more of that traffic.

The worst scenario (which I have personally encountered many times) is where the SEO company is responsible for driving traffic while the web design agency is judged on how well that traffic converts. The result of these sometimes conflicting priorities is disagreement.

In the perfect world a single agency would be used for both roles. However, where that is not possible there should be a single metric for all involved. This should be how many people complete a specified call to action.

You maybe saying to yourself that your site has no call to action. If that is the case then why does the site exist? Even an informational site should probably have a call to action such as signup for a newsletter. If it really doesn’t then use another metric like a combination of dwell time and unique visitors to rate success.

Whatever metric we use it should not be how high the site ranks on Google. This is a means to an end not the end in itself.

How not to alienate visitors who just want to talk

Too many websites owners are more concerned with gathering data from their users rather than initiating a dialogue. If your users want to talk to you, don’t make it difficult.

It’s an age old gripe amongst web users. The over-long form. Field after field of questions and tick boxes when all we want to do is ask a question. A simple question:

‘When is this product likely to be back in stock?’

But still we are asked for our fax number, postal address, age, marital status and whether we have any ‘dependents under 18 living with us’ The mind boggles.

Now we’ve lived amongst marketeers long enough to realise that this is their work. This is an opportunity to gather as much profiling data about a consumer as is possible in order to

  • assist in customer relationship marketing
  • better inform the brand of their audience’s habits
  • aid new product development
  • a combination of the above

While I’m no fan of these forms, I count myself as at least 30% marketeer and am therefore aware that in my experience alone, this data has always gone to good use. To providing a better service / product / experience.

What I find remarkably absent though, is the website owners willingness to engage their audiences in a dialogue on their terms. I accept that I the website owner would like all this information, but do I deserve it? Do I? Well, in a lot of cases, no, you don’t.

If I want to open a dialogue with a brand via their website, I want it on my terms, and I often care little about the future requirements of that brand, no matter how earth-shattering my responses might be to a short questionnaire.
To that end I thought I’d give a few examples of how we can build better websites, where we deliver dialogue to our users, rather than just delivering data to our clients. And then perhaps, we can make people care about our needs, by good old customer service.

Social Networks

If you feel your audience have a significant presence on these networks then be sure you do. Publicise how to get in touch with you on these networks, and when people do respond in a timely fashion. If that is there chosen way to make initial contact, then respect that, and in time you will build their loyalty. Answer queries and in time if that prospect decides to enquire about your product or service then they will call and you can ask all the ancillary questions you might have then. By that point they are a hot prospect and already favourably disposed to you and will do so willingly.

social networks icons

Telephone Numbers

Provide one. Always. There are people out there who will always prefer to call. I know because I am one. And if that is their choice, then do not put obstacles in their way. Don’t make someone search endlessly through the site to find it. Don’t make them read pages of FAQ’s and Knowledge Base articles before presenting a phone number after one last click of a ‘Was This Information Useful – Yes/Know’ button. Make it easy to open a dialogue, and then if you have a genuine need for profiling data then you can always ask if they would mind asking a few questions over the phone.

After you have answered their questions first of course.

telephone

Contact Forms

If we haven’t already said enough about these already, then some further observations. Your customer has a query about you. The very least they need to raise (IMHO) are the following:

What my query is:

  • How would I like to be contacted regarding this?
  • When am I likely to get a response?

Now this is a very slim form by anyone’s standards. But at its core is the idea that you are putting as few obstacles in your audiences way as possible, and providing them with a chance to choose how they are contacted and informing them as to when that will be. Deliver on those last two and you are in business. Again, the dialogue is made easy, and is delivered on your audience’s terms.

Wufoo

Ask Questions

Why is this one so often overlooked? You have a CMS. You might even have a blog. You might even have comments enabled. You want to know some information about your audience, and yet you still build forms so convoluted that to ask a one line question I must still answer 10 unrelated ones. Ask questions of your audience on your site. Add them into comments on your blog. And provide an email address where if they would be so kind, they might want to send their thoughts / ideas about such and such. Again, any dialogue is on their terms. Entered into at their own will, with as much or as little effort required as they see fit.

Credit Where Credit is Due

Quite often a customer will ask good question about your product. You provide them with a swift answer and then pat yourself on the back for your helpfulness and timely response. The trouble is you have scores of similarly confused customers you could also benefit from the same help. So post the question on your site – ‘Mr Andrews of Lambeth asked a great question – where do I find the off switch on this petrol chainsaw?’ – Well, it’s on the handle, just by the power cord. Thanks Mr Andrews!

Credit your audience with asking a valid question, and then broadcast that to your other clients. Some of the best customer service is born out making public that you are only human and like everyone else, sometimes make mistakes.

Sign saying thankyou

Mind Your P’s and Q’s

Be grateful. For goodness’s sake, be grateful. As Paul has said in the past, people are aware that their opinions and their data has a value to brand / business owners, and so if they give their time and their opinions to you free of charge then the least you can do is be grateful. If you are a small business or a start-up, then this could be the only chance you might have to have a one-on-one relationship with your customers. If you deal only to 10 or 20 clients then you have no excuse really not to have a close relationship with them and to provide a good customer experience. Larger organisations have to use a more automated approach down to sheer volume. But even these, in fact primarily these, can benefit greatly from making their experience suit the user, rather than the website owner.

Sample feedback form

So there it is. Think for a minute about what is really going to drive the sales process. Are you a more profitable business because you know all there is to know about your prospects, or because you are accessible and helpful when dealing with your customers? Do you deliver what they want, or what you want? Is your website a barrier to real contact, or is it a conduit for it?

Food for thought.

Web Design News 30/03/10

This week: Does the fold matter after all, 5 quick ways to improve your sites usability, how to blog when you’re not a writer and ensure your projects run smoothly.

Does the fold matter after all?

It is with much fear and trepidation that I include this story. Many website owners are obsessed with this mythical element called the fold (the point at which users start to scroll). As a result they often insist that content is crammed as near to the top of a page as possible.

Of course in reality there is no such thing as the fold. The point where scrolling begins varies massively depending on browser, screen resolution and plugins installed. Also, if you insist that too much content is above the fold, it will do more harm than good.

That is why generally speaking I have encouraged clients to ignore the fold. However, although users do scroll and so in a sense the fold is redundant, we do know they give more attention to content higher on the page.

Jakob Nielsen reinforced this fact in a recent post entitled Scrolling and Attention. He writes…

Web users spend 80% of their time looking at information above the page fold. Although users do scroll, they allocate only 20% of their attention below the fold.

Eye Tracking image from Nielen's post

So in truth we should be looking to allocate important information as high on the page as possible. However, that does not mean cramming all information above the fold. Instead we should follow Nielsen’s advice…

The material that’s the most important for the users’ goals or your business goals should be above the fold.

This doesn’t mean the rest of your content will be ignored. As Nielsen goes on to say…

People will look very far down a page if (a) the layout encourages scanning, and (b) the initially viewable information makes them believe that it will be worth their time to scroll.

Essentially the content above the fold has to draw the user in and encourage them to scroll.

5 quick and easy ways to improve your sites usability

So recently we had Steve Krug on the show talking about how we should all be user testing our websites more.

This is something that we all know but often fail to do. Part of the problem is that we are simply not in the habit of thinking about usability enough.

Well this week I stumbled across a post that shares 5 quick and easy ways of improving your website’s usability, while getting in the habit of thinking about usability.

All 5 suggestions are excellent. However, the one I particularly wanted to mention was a service called the 5 Second Test. As the post explains…

It allows you to create two different user tests by uploading a screenshot of your webpage. The first test is a memory test: users get 5 seconds to have a look at your screenshot and need to describe afterwards what they remembered. In the second test, the user can click on the screenshot for a period of 5 seconds and can give a descriptive text on each point.

The results are shown in a handy heatmap-like overview which can be downloaded for further analyses. It is free and you can share these tests with your twitter friends.

http://fivesecondtest.com/

What is so great about this service is that it provides an excellent way to establish if your design has the right visual hierarchy. Do users spot key elements and do they understand what those elements do?

Blogging when you’re not a writer

I have written a fair amount about the challenges of blogging (1)(2). However a recent article on pro blogger has identified another reason why so few corporate blogs succeeded… people are afraid of writing.

notepad

Image Source

Running a corporate blog can be an excellent way of increasing search engine visibility, attracting new customers and engaging existing users. However, many are put off because they feel they cannot write.

This post provides some excellent advice about on to start writing, and even how to blog without writing at all!

The author talks about how to structure posts, how to proof them and also looks at the use of imagery and video. It really is an encouraging place to start if you feel intimidated by blogging but want to try.

There is also some great additional advice in the comments too, so make sure you check them out as well.

Ensure your projects run smoothly

Simon Collison has written a superb series of posts on ensuring projects run smoothly.

There are nine posts in total covering…

  • Goal directed design
  • Collaboration
  • Audience
  • Methodologies
  • Roadmaps
  • Creativity
  • Conventions
  • Prototyping
  • Narrative

I have to confess I have yet to read all nine, but what I have read is absolutely spot on. I cannot recommend them highly enough.

My favourite so far has been the post on collaboration with your client. This is essentially what I was talking about this year at SXSW. He obviously takes a very similar approach. He writes…

I wholly believe that our processes should be inclusive, and that all members of a team can influence all aspects of the design and build of a product.

One of my most stringent rules as a creative director is that anyone, anywhere in the team can feel free to add value. They all have brains and common sense. Anyone, at any stage can contribute an idea, pose a question, throw a spanner in the works.

Amen to that. Best of all, he goes on to say he considers the client apart of that team…

I believe that the client team has an incredible amount to contribute. It’s easy to dismiss those new to the web who may be commissioning the project as “clueless technophobes”…

The danger is to dismiss the insight they can give you with regard to the organisation itself. The client can educate us about their sector, area, community or their place within it. Our job is to listen, discuss, and interpret this knowledge for a web audience.

client, designer and developer working together

I really could just quote from these posts all day, they are that good.

I know nine posts feels like a lot of information to read. However, I cannot recommend this series strongly enough. He should be packaging these as an ebook and selling it for an outrageous price.

Web Design News 09 /03/10

This week: Giving and receiving design feedback, are you bored of your sites design, CSS typography and helping users when they are too busy to read.

Helping users when they are too busy to read

As is pointed out this week on 52weeksofux the days of reading help manuals are over. In a world of twitter, facebook, mobile phones and email we just don’t have the opportunity to spend long lengths of time learning a new system or website.

As the post suggests…

We don’t have two hours to read a help manual. We probably don’t even have 20 minutes. Instead, we learn a bit here and a slice there, all adding up to real learning but not in contiguous time.

In short we learn as we go along.

This should have a considerable impact on how we design our websites. We can no longer except users to consult a help section or contact you for advice when they cannot use your website. According to 52weeksofux we need to change our approach:

In its place is embedded support: directions, tips, cues, and other signposts that can nudge us back on track. One example of this type of inline hand-holding is microcopy: the small, useful copy that helps answer contextual questions and defray concerns.

An example of Microcopy

So what about your site? Do you provide enough support to help users learn about your site as they go? Are your error messages and instructional text clear and descriptive? Perhaps it is time to revisit your website copy.

Critiquing design

One of the most controversial areas of the web design process is design sign off. Everybody (including clients) has strong opinions about what they like or dislike. Designers on the other hand are often overly sensitive about their work and so this can lead to a lot of friction.

Being able to give and receive criticism as well as discuss design in a constructive manner is a skill both designers and website owners require.

Fortunately an article on Smashing Magazine called “Web Design Criticism: A How-To” guides us through the process.

The article explores the subject of design critiques before suggesting 8 pieces of advice on how best to give feedback. It’s a valuable article and well worth reading.

In my opinion design critiques are extremely important, especially in teams of designers. It is always good to have another designer looking at your work and provide feedback. As a designer it is easy to become too close to your project. A fresh perspective is always valuable.

If you are a freelancer and don’t have anybody to discuss your designs with why not try the website critique section of the boagworld forum.

design critique

Image source

Are old designs boring users?

Talking of design, I am constantly amazed how many websites still go through regular redesigns that involve major overhauls of the look and feel.

I can understand designers desire to do something new and fresh. However, even website owners seem to want something new.

The problem is that although you might get a kick out of doing a major overhaul of your sites look and feel, users often do not respond so well.

In Gerry McGovern’s latest post he points to Facebook as an example of what can happen when you redesign:

“After a redesign in March, a Facebook poll revealed that 94 percent of users didn’t like the changes,” Caitlin McDevitt wrote for Slate in February 2010. “When Facebook introduced its News Feed in 2006, students organized to protest against it.”

In fact most users like familiarity and dislike change. This is because users do not want to be excited by a new design, they just want to get things done. Gerry goes on to say…

The vast majority of them are at your website to get something done as quickly as possible. The only people who are likely to complain about your website design are website designers. Craigslist is constantly being told that its site is boring. “But the people I hear it from,” Craigslist CEO Jim Buckmaster told Wired in 2009, “are invariably working for firms that want the job of redoing the site.”

Sites should evolve over time rather than go through sporadic redesign.

Does this mean our websites should never change. Absolutely not. However, we need to examine our motives for change and when we do change it should be an evolution not a revolution.

CSS typography

There has been a lot of excitement recently about services such as Typekit and Fontdeck that allow designers the ability to use custom fonts on their websites.

However, custom fonts are only the beginning of what can be done with typography using CSS. Unfortunately it can be hard to keep up with all the latest innovations so it is good to see a post by Yaili about CSS typography.

The post on Smashing Magazine is a comprehensive overview of everything you can do with type using CSS. This includes:

  • White space
  • Word wrap
  • Word and letter spacing
  • Indentation and hanging punctuation
  • Web fonts
  • Text shadow
  • And some new emerging text decoration

For a beautiful web site

With all of these tools at our disposal it is looking like the days of Cufon, Flash replacement or image replacement are numbered.

Monthly usability testing with Steve Krug

Steve Krug, usability expert and author of “Don’t make me Think”, shares with us his unique approach to usability.

Paul Boag: I’m really excited to have with me today Steve Krug. Good to have you on the show Steve.

Steve Krug: I’m really glad you asked me.

Paul: So, do you know what made me think to get you on the show was the fact that one day I went along to Amazon and there it said under Recommended Reading “Steve Krug has a new book out called Rocket Surgery Made Easy” and it was an instinctive reaction! I couldn’t help myself! I just did that 1–click ordering and before I knew it, it turned up on my desk! I’ve been such a fan of your original book Don’t Make Me Think that it was just an instinctive reaction to buy the new one.

Steve Krugs two books

Steve: Thank you! I wish I could count on more of that reaction! That’d be great!

Paul: That’s the glory of Amazon 1–click ordering; it’s just to easy, isn’t it?

Steve: Well, I know! I even mention in the book that people often say to me; they send me comments about Amazon as though I had some in with Amazon, because I did mention Amazon in the first book and they think I have Amazon’s ear somehow. I have never talked to anybody at Amazon and it’s said a lot in the book, but I do have an Amazon Prime membership, which is as close as I come to being connected; but they’ve hooked me! I’ve been with Amazon prime for… I don’t even know! What is it? $79 or something a year here and you get second day delivery.

Paul: Yeah

Steve: And so they completely eliminated the thought process for me.

Paul: Absolutely.

Steve: If I’m interested in buying it at all, I’m going to buy it at Amazon because history has proven to me that if I shop around I won’t find a particularly better price and with the second day shipping y’know; it’ll be here in two days!

Paul: Yeah, I mean the other thing that gets me is; have you seen their iPhone app? I can be out in a shop and I can look at the thing sitting in front of me on the shelf, look at it on Amazon and go “Can I be bothered to wait a couple of days?” and I go “Yes!”; click and it’s ordered. Talk about don’t make me think!

Steve: I have experienced pangs of guilt being in a Barnes and Noble here and seeing something on the self and opening up my iPhone and clicking on the Amazon app. I feel a little bad about that. I will tell you, I actually did the same with your book last night, which I didn’t know about. I went to your website to check on what had changed about your podcast since the last time I listened and there was your book! Although your book is not actually on the homepage of your consulting firm’s website.

Paul:No, no it’s not!

Steve: I sense some… [Laughs]

Paul: No! There’s nothing untoward there!

Steve: There haven’t been any discussions about taking up crucial homepage space with your book

Paul: Well, it’s difficult. You see, the secret is; you don’t actually make a lot of money out of books, while you do make a lot of money out of web design!

Steve: Ah! So you know that too!

Paul: [Laughs]

Steve: You see I’m odd ball data point, because I have made some money from my book, but nobody makes money from those books. Which nobody knows…

Paul: Exactly! I mean, that’s the thing to say about ‘Don’t Make Me Think’, it was incredibly popular. Why do you think it became so popular?

Steve: My theory is because it was profusely illustrated! I love profusely illustrated books! [Laughs] No, I think it was… It’ the mix! The fact that it is a mix. That it’s approachable.

Paul: Hmmm…

Steve: And it sort of boils a lot of things down. It’s very short, so it’s a quick read. For the most part it’s been; it’s life story as that it was the book that people gave to other people.

Paul: Yeah

Steve: Whether their boss, or their coworkers, or their client, whatever, to explain what they’d been trying to explain to them for years.

Paul: Hmmm…

Steve: So they could hand it to these people and because it was profusely illustrated, it was, you know, engaging I suppose.

Paul: Useable even…

Steve: That I’d go that far! [Laughs] That people would read it! I have people say “My father-in-law was visiting us over the weekend and it was lying on a table and he picked it up and read it”. His father-in-law has no interest at all in websites. So it is this kind of thing that people can read fairly casually, but it does seem to make… You know, I say over and over I didn’t make this stuff up. I’m not really saying that other people haven’t been saying for years, including a lot of the people that buy the book, but they’ve trying to say it to other people who’s business is not usability. So that seems to be what it gets bought for is to make the case to other people.

Paul: Hmmm. I mean, I’ve found it an amazingly approachable book and one that, exactly as you say, that kind of, that I could pass on to other people and that, you know, it is the one book that I say, tell everybody to read before anything else. You know, people, especially students, come to me an they say “What should I be learning? Where should I start?”, and actually before I recommend HTML and CSS books and all that kind of stuff I say “Read Don’t Make Me Think” because everything else builds off that. If you create a great user experience then, you know, the technology should be second really.

Steve: Well, I appreciate that! That’s very nice! And it’s actually been picked up for a lot of courses, which I never would have anticipated. I had know idea that that would ever happen.

Paul: So, lets talk about your attitude and approach to usability testing…

Steve: By the way, we’ve got to do a plug for your book…

Paul: [Laughs]

Steve: …which I am now eagerly awaiting; The Website Owners Manual, which strikes me as a really good idea! I’ve thought for a long time that; what do people do? You know, there are all these people that are faced with the prospect that “Gee! I’ve got to get a website together!” and they are faced with a completely blank slate. They don’t have any of these skills and they don’t even know who these consultants are, or who they should be hiring and they have no idea of what they should be paying for. So I think it’s great idea for a book. I’m looking forward to reading it.

Picture of the Website Owners Manual

Paul: Well, Thank you! I’m a bit nervous about you reading it when you get to the chapter on usability that you might realise how heavily influenced I’ve been by Don’t Make Me Think. [Laughs]

Steve: [Laughs]

Paul: There is a nice big picture of Don’t Make Me Think and a good plug in there, so you’d be fine! [Laughs]

Steve: Like I say; I didn’t make this stuff up. So, you know…

Paul: Yeah. Let’s talk about your attitude towards usability and in particular the one thing that strikes me from reading your original book; I haven’t read you new one yet because it’s only just arrived, but…

Steve: It’s even shorter!

Paul: I know! it looks great! That’s the kind of book I Like! So, you’ve got this attitude of ; it seems to be all about making usability as accessible to people as possible and about keeping it low cost and light-weight. Why do you feel that’s so important?

Steve: Because it’s so valuable, you know, the funny thing is anybody who does some, usability testing on their own stuff, on what they’re working on, I find that inevitably the reaction is ‘Wow! We learned an incredible amount from that in a very short period of time” so it produces fabulous actionable insights. It points out to you with very little effort things that are going to cause you serious trouble. You know…

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: So while you could get the same information, you know, even a little more efficiently, hire somebody who works in usability to do an expert review for you or something, that’s expensive and usability testing, the kind I’m describing, the do it yourself discount usability testing, just mean bringing a couple of people in and having them try to use what you are building and having them think aloud while they do it while you watch and thats kind of all there is to it. So it’s so simple that I think everybody should be doing it. If you hire somebody to do it who has the experience then in order to justify them being hired they kind of have to make a production number out of it.

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: Now I’m not saying there isn’t value in hiring somebody to do it. There’s people who do it for a living can do a much better job of it than amateurs ever will and they will provide a lot more value and it is worthwhile, but most people can’t afford it. You know. Most people just don’t have it in their budget to hire consultants to do usability testing for them even though it is enormously valuable. So I’ve sort’ve decide over the years that it’s something almost everybody that has a website or is building webapps or apps or whatever should be doing some usability testing. It should jut be part of the design process. I think it’ll end up that way. I think it’ll start getting taught more and you know… If you’re in a design program i think inevitably you are going to end up taking one short course on usability/user experience and that’s kind off all you need if it’s not your focus, but one short course is enough to get the basic principles across. So I think we’d all be a lot better off, I think, if everybody who was building websites included a small amount of time during the development process to do a little bit of usability testing, then I think, you know, the stuff that we’re out there using would be much, much easier to use in general.

Paul: Hmmm.

Steve: It doesn’t take an expert to do it. I mean, have you had that experience? You’ve sat through usability tests…

Paul: Oh yes!

Steve: And i just think that they’re eye-opening.

Paul: Oh, absolutely! The thing that really strikes me about, you know, you could get an expert in to do it and, you know, we do usability testing for our clients, but there is something about seeing it for yourself. You know? No amount of reports will replace that experience of sitting in a room and, you know, seeing the fact that your usability test person doesn’t know how to use a mouse ’cause they always use a trackpad or laptop.

Steve: Exactly. I describe it as a conversion experience. There’s this seeing is believing effect to it. If you sit there; you are actually sitting there watching somebody use the thing. People’s eyes just open, they just, they get it! They suddenly understand how different the user perception is of what they’ve been building from their perception and they understand where there were oversights, where things that they did’t anticipate or they didn’t understand and they suddenly understand the people who are using this don’t see thing the same way that they do. I describe it as conversion experience and in fact as you’ll see… I mean in one sense the new book is, you know, an expanded version of a couple of chapters I had in the first book, but in another sense it’s not, in that I wanted to spell it out as a detailed how to. So I wanted to kind of give everybody the information that they needed to sit down and do their own usability testing and in thinking it through, I actually realised a bunch of things and one of them was to become kind of adamant about the fact that you really want to have people come and watch these tests.

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: That they really have to sit there. Everybody who is involved. So the people on the development team; the stakeholders; any management that you can convince really should come and watch some of these test because even just watching one or two users, it give you that eye opening experience. Then you want to watch more. And as you say, reports don’t do it. reports don’t give you the same experience.

Paul: No. I mean another thing that you talk about, which I guess is a problem when you hire an expert to come in is that; if you are spending a lot of money on usability there’s this danger that you will only do one round of testing.

Steve: Right

Paul: And that’s something you warn against. Why is that such a big concern from your point of view?

Steve: Well, because it doesn’t need to. To get the information that you need, to get the information that you can use at any given point in time, you don’t have to make a big production number out of it. And if you don’t make a big production out of it then you can do it more than one. You know usually if you hire a consultant you are paying $5000, $10000, whatever, for this project, then you are not going to do it half-a-dozen times during the course of the development of the website. You are going to do it once and you are probably going to do it nearer the end. I explain in the book why it would make sense to wait ’til the end when the thing is almost what people are going to see, but the fact is you get so much more value out of doing testing early than late, because if you do it near the end, basically you discover these major problems but it’s pretty much too late to fix them. Whereas, if you do it in the beginning you actually can discover the major problem very close to the beginning of the project and fix them right away and so not build anything out based on these mistaken assumptions or whatever. So, you only need a couple of people. At this point I argue for doing only three people…

Paul: Really?

Steve: Yeah! [Laughs]

Paul: That’s really getting more and more extreme isn’t it?

Steve: I like your reaction! It is extreme, but there are a lot of reasons for it. If you keep it that simple then you can do all the testing in one morning. My suggested serving is that you do three test in one morning and then de-brief over lunch. And that way you’re team’s investment in usability testing; and you do it once a month.

Photo of Steve Krug

Paul: Right.

Steve: And so that way your team’s investment in usability testing for most people other that the people (person or people) who are running the tests is half a day a month. And that’s it! And at the end of lunch, you’ve decided what the major issues are that are problematic at this point and that you are going to fix before next months testing. There are a lot of reasons for this. One is, if you keep it that simple and you limit it to three users then you want to do it onside, you want to do it in a conference room at your location someplace and get people to actually attend so you can say; “Ok, the third Thursday of every month we’re going to do a morning of usability testing”, put it on your calendar, you know, have that expectation that on the third Thursday of every month you’re going to come and watch usability tests. And that way you can get as many people as possible to actually come and observe in person. If you are doing a whole day full, you are doing eight people to kind of justify that it’s really legitimate, then who’s going to come and spend a whole day watching eight users. The fact is by the time you’ve tested three users, you start to get diminishing returns basically after three where you start to see the same problems again and again. Everybody who has sat through a whole day of user testing behind the two-way mirror or one-way glass or whatever, knows that you start to see the same problems over and over so you get less value out of it, but I also would argue that in fact if you do more than three users, you are probably going to turn up too many problems. You are going to turn up more problems than you can actually deal with and in fact with three users you are probably going to turn up more problems that you can actually deal with, because the problems are so easy to find that almost everybody’s resources for fixing the problems is less that their ability to find problems, you know. So how many times have you seen the site where you’ve done testing for a client where you present them with a report that has all these problems in it, many of which are actually serious problems, and then you come back a couple of months later and the most important ones haven’t been fixed.

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: So the less important ones have been fixed, perhaps many of the less important ones have been fixed, but the most important ones may be a little harder than the less important ones, you know, they require more thought, more effort, but it clear to everybody that they are the most important ones. Sometimes you have something that’s just a deal breaker like nobody can find their way through our shopping cart. Well that’s [Laughs] problematic! But it may not get fixed. You know, there may be people saying “Well, that’ll get fixed in the next version”you know “We don’t want to put the effort into that right away!’. So I spend a lot of time in the new book talking about how you really have to just focus on the most significant problems and you figure out how many of those problems you are actually going to be able to fix in the next month and then cut the list off right there. People come and watch and then over lunch you have a discussion where people compare notes about what really were the most serious problems and it’s kind of fresh on everybody’s mind, they just saw the people have trouble with it, it has that kind of emotional charge to it.

Paul: I mean what the argument that you would get I guess opposing a viewpoint like that would be that when you’re testing such a small number of people, is that really representative of the real problems and perhaps those people aren’t as demographically accurate as they should be, you know. Do those things really matter?

Steve: Well, they are very legitimate questions. I mean, it takes the question very seriously and you are right, tat is one of the first objections that people are going to raise. I phrase it as, you know, people are going to say is this statistically valid?

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: Is there validity to this? And the answer that I give, actually one of the things I’m very happy with in writing the book was I put frequently asked questions at the end of each chapter. It’t a great literary device, because you don’t really have to figure out how to work all of these issues into the fabric of the chapter. You know from writing your book it’s hard…

Paul: [Laughs] Yeah.

Steve: …but if you have a FAQ list at the end of each chapter, then you don’t have to work them in. So my suggestion to people when someone questions whether this is still statistically valid because you’re only sampling three people is no; it’s not statistically valid. There is no validity to it whatsoever. There is no statistical validity to it at all, but it obvious to everybody who’s there watching that these are real problems. You know the worst problems are just obvious to everybody when you are sitting there watching. There’s no argument. I mean you can argue about, well would our actual audience, you know these people may not be who we think of as perfect representatives of our actual audience but it’s actually very easy for people to say “Well, but they’re close enough, if these people had a problem then our actual audience would have a problem too”. Because the problems are so bad that you look at them and say “Anybody would have this problem” you know. So I find while that’s a great argument in the abstract that people are going to ask you, I think once people sit in the room and actually watch, they loose site of that argument. They don’t worry about whether it’s statistically valid because it’s so obvious to them that these are the real problems to the things that we need to fix. But I just tell people “Don’t get into that argument”, just say “Nope, you are absolutely right! There is no statistical validity here at all”

Paul: So the next question I’ve got is an unfair one really because I’m basically going to ask you to summarise your new book in a couple of lines [Laughs].

Steve: Okay! [Laughs]

Paul: In the sense that, what advice would you give people starting off in terms of running their own effective, low cost usability test session? Where do they start? What’s the key things they need to look for? Other than buy you book, obviously! [Laughs]

Steve: Well, buying the book is good, but I, you now there’s actually some chapters from the book on line. There’s actually a demo usability test online that people can watch that kind of shows how I do a test and how simple I think it should be. Yeah actually it’s at Peachpit.com, my publisher, if they search for Krug, or they can go to rocketsurgerymadeeasy.com and in either place they’ll find links to this demo video; it’s about 25 minutes long and I want everybody to have that, you don’t have to by the book to get that. I think you can get a pretty good idea… ’Cause I really do thing everybody should be doing this. So, what would I tell them? I’d say “a) It’s really simple; don’t be intimidated by it at all. Just try it, you can try it without an audience first, just to convince yourself that you can actually do it. You don’t have to worry about embarrassing yourself in front of co-workers or whatever, but grab somebody and make up some tasks that are the tasks that are important for people to be able to do on your website and write them down and hand them to this person and say could you do these and think out loud, tell me what is going through your head, what you are thinking about, what you are looking at, while you try and do them. That’s kind of it I would say. Just try doing that and you will see how easy it is to do and and how in watching that one person that you see what’s wrong and I think that would give you the incentive to go ahead and learn more. There’s my book, there are other great books; on my website I have my recommended reading, but there are several other excellent books about how to do a usability test. Dana Chinsell and Jeff Rubin just did a revised version of his book. You can still get Joe Dumas and Ginny Redish, that’s a very good one. Carol Barnum is coming out with a new one. So there are plenty of books out there that are very good. The benefit of mine I think is that it’s only what you need to know. If you actually get into it, I recommend that you read one of the other, ’cause they’re all very good and they cover the topic in more detail, but mine makes the assumption that this is not how you make your living and this is maybe not even part of your job description. You know, you are taking this on as a past time because you think it’s important that somebody be doing this for your product, that somebody [should] be paying attention to your users. So it’s the least you need to know. Which is why it’s so short! [Laughs]

Paul: I mean that’s great, isn’t it, that at it’s very basic level this is not a complicated thing to do; it is something that anybody can do.

Steve: Well, you know, it’s not rocket surgery! [Laughs]

Paul: No. Exactly.

Steve: That’s where the title came from for the book and I think it really is something that anybody can do and should be doing and once they try it, they’ll get enthused about doing it because they will see how much you learn in how little time. When I do my workshops, I teach workshops about the same thing as this point about do-it-yourself usability testing, and when I do the workshops, even if I’m doing a long presentation, if I’m a presentation that’s more than an hour, I’ll try and do a live usability test where I’ll just grab somebody from the audience and and in the workshop I take a site that belongs to somebody who is attending and I’ll make up a task and I’ll do a fifteen minute usability test, where all I do is hand the the task and say “Okay, go ahead and try and do this and think out loud while you do it.” The reason why I love doing the live ones is because it shows that there’s no magic to it. You know, I don’t have anything up my sleeve, this is not canned, and when you watch somebody do it you just say “Well I could that! All he’s doing is giving him something to do and keeping him verbalising what they’re thinking.” So I really am worked up about trying to get as many people as possible to try doing this because I think once you do it you get hooked on it. You know, you’ve done them, I mean they’re alway interesting.

Paul: Yeah, completely.

Steve: Even after years, they are always interesting.

Paul: I’ve been working in the web for, I don’t know, fourteen years or whatever it is, and you’d think by now nothing would surprise me.

Steve: You would have seen it all… [Laughs]

Paul: But no. There’s always somebody that just does something and you think “I’ve never thought about it that way!”

Steve: And yet in a way, that makes perfect sense. [Laughs]

Paul: Yes! If you’ve got a certain mind set. Completely! But of course actually running a test session is only half the battle, because then you get all of this information back. How do you understand the results and prioritise what to do?

Steve: That’s why I think it actually all sort of fits together under this, you know, limiting it to… The phrase I have in the book is, I have these maxims in the book, and one of them is; ‘a morning a month, that’s all we ask’ to try and get you to say “Okay, we’re just going to do this one morning a month and we’re going to try and get as many people as possible to come and watch in person and get them all to come to lunch and do the debriefing together.” and the debriefing, I actually have a worksheet for people to keep track of what they saw, but you really get people to, each person to, focus on what were the three worst problems I saw in each one of these three test, So they have a list of somewhere between three and nine things that they think were serious problems and then over lunch you compare notes. You put them up on a board and you find that a lot of people, you know, have the same things on their list.

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: And in that context then you talk about what do we as the team, with all the knowledge that we have, the people who you’re watching aren’t the experts at all, you’re the experts, about what this site needs to do and what needs to work and what resources you have available to make it work and what your priorities are at the moment. So that’s why the team is where the intelligence lies and they exercise that over lunch. I think you’ll find that if you say “We’re only going to walk out of this room with a list that’s only as long as what we can get done in the next month with the resources that we have”, then you don’t come out with a long list. Part of it is that you have to focus ruthlessly on just the most important problems. On just what you saw that struck everybody as “Well, we can’t have our site working like that, you know. That’s something that we just have to fix that.” and there always are a bunch of those. So by limiting it to three people you’re not generating tons of information. You’re not generating hundreds of problems that people saw, hopefully. I mean sometimes you maybe with three people, depends on what shape the thing’s in. The other bad thing about testing eight users at a time is that it’s overwhelming. I mean at the end of the day you have this huge list and you have this sense that nothing is working! You know? That we have an impossible amount of stuff that really should be fixed.

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: And that’s disheartening.

Paul: I mean the other thing that I love about this once a month thing is that because you’re including as many people in that as possible and as many people are coming in and seeing it, you’re not just doing usability testing, you’re shifting the whole culture of your organisation to be user focused, which is what I was going to come on to, you know. How do you create a culture of user focused user testing in your business, but this kind of does that because it makes the user testing process accessible to a lot more people.

Steve: Exactly, but by keeping it short, keeping it on site and having it a a regular fixed time each month, I think you maximise your chances of actually getting people to come and attend in person. I also highly recommend the highest classes of snacks that you can get! [Laughs] Snacks are very important!

Paul: [Laughs] Absolutely!

Steve: If you have to figure out where you’re spending your budget whether it’s on recording or recruiting or whatever, spend it on snacks! because one of the maxims I have is; ‘make it a spectator sport’. You really want to get as many people as possible who are involved to actually come and watch in person.

Paul: Yeah.

Steve: And take part in the debriefing. Some places actually require that if you want to take part in the debriefing, you have to come to the sessions and watch, which is interesting. I recommend that, but only to the extent that it’s politically feasible in your context.

Paul: Absolutely, yeah.

Steve: You may not be able to get away with that. The other thing about a morning a month is that if you specify a regular interval like that, then you’re not basing when you’re going to have something ready. So you don’ build a schedule around the points in your development timeline where things are going to be ready because you will alway have something you can test once a month. You know, there will always be something that you can test. It may not be a perfect match of “we just finished this version with our dates coming up next week ”, but it’s much more important that you commit to do it regularly, because if you make it a routine, then you remove that decision of “when are we going to test?” and if you’re still facing that decision of “when are we going to test?” then as the benchmarks seen in your development timeline creep, so does your usability testing schedule and you end up doing less testing and so i think it all works together

Paul: Absolutely. I mean, yes, I love it. I love everything you are saying. It makes perfect sense to me. Just before we wrap up, ’cause we really ought to wrap up soon, I do what to ask you about something that really I haven’t made my mind over either, so I’m really interested in what you think about it, which is that there seems to have been this explosion of remote user testing services; these things where you can video users remotely. What do you think of them? What do you see as the pros and cons of them?

Steve: I actually put in a very short chapter about that and it’s about two things. One is about moderated remote testing where basically you’re doing the same thing that you would in a normal test, only you’re not in the same room as the person. So you’re using something like GoToMeeting or NetMeeting or whatever, but you are still facilitating the test. You’re still watching what they are doing in real time and you are still able to probe, you’re still able to keep them thinking aloud. It’s exactly the same except you’re not in the same room and that’s what most people think of as regular remote testing, which is fabulous because it certainly make recruiting so much easier. Recruiting goes from people who live in walking distance of our facility to everybody, basically. You’re talking about unmoderated remote testing where you’re not in contact with the person while they are doing the test. Basically, you give them the tasks and they do the test but they create some kind of recording or some kind of record, whether it’s automated or whatever. I actually think some of that can be quite valuable. I recommend in that chapter, I talk about usertesting.com which is based in the UK, or am I right about that? they are, right?

Paul: I’m not sure whether they’re based in the UK, but I’ve heard of them.

Steve: Oh, no. They’re in California. I’m wrong about that. There are several people following that model now, but they were the ones that I was familiar with doing it first, where basically you send them the URL that you want tested, the task or tasks that you want the person to do and they would take somebody from their pool of vetted people, who were vetted on the basis of they’ve proven pretty good at doing tasks on a website and thinking aloud while they do it. You tell them how many people you want, people from their pool sign up and say “Alright, I want to do this one” and they have a microphone and they’re basically doing a screen recording while they do your tasks and for $29 a head you get back a fifteen minute video of somebody doing these tests. I find they’re actually quite good. They’re surprisingly good in that they are effortless. Basically you don’t have to do any recruiting, you don’t have to do anything except spend fifteen minute watching the video tape that comes back. So for thirty bucks, you actually can get a nice little amount of information. For one thing, they are perfect for piloting tests before you actually bring people in and do them yourself. You can take the tasks that you’ve written up and send them out and have one or two people do hem through a service like that and you’ll learn a lot about whether you wrote your tasks well or not for people to use.

Paul: Do you see them more as a complimentary tool rather than a replacement?

Steve: I do. They’re not a replacement, but they’re also quite good if you have you know something that comes up in between your monthly testing and you say “boy, it’ll be great to have a couple of people try using this.” Then you can just use that, you know and the nice thing about it is you can usually get your video back within a day. So you submit them a task and the URL and a day later, or even less sometimes, you will have your fifteen minute video that you can watch and get some kind of quick read on whether people are going to run into a problem that you think they might be running into. So I recommend it quite highly actually.

Paul: Oh okay. Do you not find that they end up becoming professional usability testers where they’re not representative?

Steve: Well there are dangers and certainly the people at usertesting.com I’ve been in contact with them, just ’cause I like what they’re doing, and they’re certainly aware of that danger and the danger is the people may feel like they need to not say anything bad about the site so that the people who are paying for the test won’t be unhappy, but I think they are aware of all those dangers and try and head that off as much as they can. I just have been very pleasantly surprised by the people who I know that have used it have been very pleasantly surprised at how useful it can be, especially because it’s zero effort.

whatusersdo website

Paul: Zero effort is always good. I think then at least it happens. It’s better than nothing isn’t it?

Steve: Exactly, you know, it’s even quicker and dirtier than what I’m recommending so there’s lots to be said for that.

Paul: Yeah. Thank you so much Steve for coming on the show.

Steve: It’s a pleasure.

Paul: It was absolutely wonderful to have you and I’m really looking forward to getting stuck into the new book, Rocket Surgery Made Easy.

Steve: Yeah, I’d love to hear anything you have to say about it. I know that there’s going to be a lot of very interesting feedback about it.

Paul: [Laughs] Beautifully put! [Laughs] Okay. good to talk to you and we’ll talk again soon.

Steve: Thanks Paul.

Thanks goes to Simon Banyard for transcribing this interview.

If you recognise that the mobile web is important and you need help deciding on a strategy, then book a mobile consultancy clinic.

Book a consultancy clinic or contact Rob about a more in-depth review.

Web design news 23/02/10

This week: Why speculative work suck, progressive enhancement explained, how to be different and should designers be able to code?

Why speculative design suck

The debate over speculative design has once again raised its head this week.

In case you are unfamiliar with the concept of speculative design, it is best described as the process of producing free work for a prospective client in the hopes of winning a project.

Many agencies (including Headscape) have long since rejected the idea of speculative design. However, it is still common practice within the web design community.

This week Andy Budd lays out his arguments against speculative work. Although Andy raises some good points I feel he misses the heart of the issue which is that speculative work is bad for the client.

A closed website

A better argument is put forward by one Belgium Agency who is currently on strike protesting against speculative work. They write on their website

Pitches use up energy. Energy an agency would normally use to provide its existing, paying customers with the best possible work. So the logical conclusion of the system as it now stands is that at some point you will become a victim of it yourself. The day will eventually come when your agency has to divert the creative and strategic energy you’re paying it for into a pitch for someone else’s business.

I put it even more bluntly in my own article on the subject

In order to remain in business every company needs to recover their cost of sale. This includes web designers. As speculative work is part of the sales process, they ultimately have to charge you for it. The web designer is forced to roll the cost of that work into the project if they win.

However, it is worse than that. The web designer also has to recover the cost of speculative design done for jobs he did not win. This means that if you choose to work with an agency that produces speculative design, you are paying for their failed sales pitches! Why should you be paying for other people’s design work?

So before you next request speculative work I would encourage you to read my post on the subject.

What is progressive enhancement?

As web designers we do love our jargon. One example is the phrase ‘progressive enhancement’. I have even been known to throw the term around casually on the show with little in the way of explanation. However, I bet that a considerable number of the website owners listening (and probably more than a few of the web professionals) do not know what the term means.

Fortunately our very own Paul Stanton has provided a great analogy that explains progressive enhancement.

He explains how progressive enhancement can be seen in video games all the time, especially the big sports titles that span all of the various consoles. Each console has different capabilities with an xbox having consider more processing power than your iPhone.

Image showing the difference between the game on the Wii (left) and the 360 (right)

The result is that although it is fundamentally the same game on all platforms it is actually subtly different in terms of game play and graphics.

Paul explains that this is very similar to progressive enhancement on the web. Each browser has different capabilities and as web designers we build to make the most of what each browser can do. It is the same website but subtly different depending on the platform.

Its a good analogy that I will be using in the future because it draws on something that the majority of people can associate with – video games.

How to be different

We walk a fine line with our websites. On one hand we want them to meet user expectations and avoid making users think too hard. On the other we want our sites to stand out from the crowd and be memorable.

In a new article on the Carsonified blog Kat Neville attempts to walk that line while challenging us to move away from Cookie Cutter websites.

A particularly narrow website

The article is a challenge both to designers who tend to get caught up in the latest trend, and websites owners who are often overly conservative in terms of design. It aims to inspire with some great examples of sites that break the mould and do things differently.

Of course the suggestions are not going to be relevant to every site. You need to carefully consider your target audience to establish how far from the norm you are able to push a design. However whatever your site, it will challenge you to ask if you are just following the crowd or really thinking about design.

Should web designers be able to code?

Ven Diagram showing an overlap between designers and developers when creating HTML and CSS

An interesting argument has exploded on twitter this week and has since spilled over into the blogosphere too. The argument was sparked by Elliot Jay Stocks who wrote:

I’m shocked that in 2010 I’m still coming across ‘web designers’ who can’t code their own designs.

It would appear this was a somewhat controversial comment and led to a massive backlash from designers who do not code.

For fear of inflaming the debate further, I have to say I am amazed anybody could disagree with this statement. Admittedly not every web designer does code, however they should at least know how.

I am not going to layout the arguments for this position here. However, I would suggest you read three excellent posts on the subject…

If you happen to be a designer who cannot code, I strongly recommend you read these posts. I honestly believe you are limiting your potential and undermining the product you provide your clients.

5 Lists Every Website Owner Should Keep

A post about lists – life doesn’t get anymore exciting than that! Admittedly lists are not the most exciting of subjects but if you are a website owner they could make or break your website. Find out how.

I know, a list of important lists. With a post like this I could just tear the fabric of space time. However stay with me, it might be more interesting than it sounds.

To be honest with you I am obsessed by lists. I keep lists for everything. It’s a problem, I need help. However despite that, I have discovered that when it comes to running a website a few carefully selected lists can be incredibly helpful.

What follows is my list of lists that could make or break your website.

Reoccurring tasks

Let’s start with the most obvious list first – a reoccurring task list. This is a list of those tasks that you need to do on a regular basis to ensure your website is effective. What exactly those tasks are will depend on the type of website you run. However, my list for the sites I run include:

  • Participating in the forum daily
  • Posting blog posts regularly (see below)
  • Sending a monthly email newsletter
  • Recording my daily audioboo
  • Dealing with email enquiries
  • Reviewing site statistics

Your list will include other items. For example I advise that most websites do regularly usability testing (see below).

A reoccurring task list is important because it reminds you that a website needs constant attention. It prevents the site from slipping down your priorities or being pushed out by other work.

Blog subjects

Whether you call it a blog or a news section, most websites have some area dedicated to regularly updated content. However, these sections are often not updated. This is not because the website owner forgets, but because they struggle to generate ideas for content.

Its hard to think up blog posts on the spur of the moment. However ideas will come to you, if you are constantly keeping an eye out for them. That is where your blog subject list comes in.

Blog ideas occur to me all the time. When I am reading a book, watching TV or even in the shower. Rarely am I able to sit down and write a post there and then. That is why I keep a list of blog ideas. I know by the time I come to write something, all of those great ideas will have been forgotten.

My Blog Ideas List

For example this post came from my blog subject list. When I sat down to write this post I didn’t need to come up with an idea. It was already there.

You can make your life even easier by written a few notes on the ideas you have. Then you have even less thinking to do when it comes to writing the post. Again using this post as an example, I already had my 5 lists written down.

Feature ideas

One thing web designers complain about is scope creep. They hate the fact that website owners keep adding new features when a website is being built.

However if you think about it, that is not surprising. When you are building a website you are thinking a lot about the project. It is only natural that you mind comes up with lots of possible ideas.

Rather than dismiss these ideas for lack of time or money, add them to your feature list. This is essentially a wish list of things you might possibly want to do one day.

Boagworld task list

Once your current project is launched you can look at the wish list and work out what to do next.

Not only does this prevent scope creep but it also encourages an ongoing investment in your website.

Marketing opportunities

We all know that websites need promotion. However, it can often be hard to think of how best to promote them. When the moment arrives to do something about promoting our sites, all of our great ideas leave us.

Keeping a marketing list is a great way to combat this problem. If you find a website that covers a similar topic to you, make a note on your list to contact them and ask if you can write for them. Equally if you meet somebody at a conference who could promote your site, make a note to follow up that relationship.

Man holding a sign saying: I am looking for a wife please stop and talk to me

Whatever the marketing idea, write it down. It is then available for when you can act on it. This reduces the mental effort of coming up with ideas. Instead of thinking about how you could market your website, all you have to do is spot opportunities that arise naturally.

Fixes list

Our final list is a fixes list. This will include a mixture of bugs and usability issues.

In his latest book ‘Rocket Surgery Made Easy‘ Steve Krug recommends that you carry out light weight usability testing once a month. This will generate a significant number of usability issues that need resolving.

When combined with browser bugs this amounts to a considerable number of fixes. By adding all of these elements to a fixes list you achieve two objectives. First you ensure nothing is forgotten. Second you can priorities what needs addressing first based on the seriousness of the problem.

Without a list of this nature you can easily become overwhelmed by the complexity and number of issues that need resolving.

Are lists sexy?

Are lists sexy? Of course not. However, they will help you maintain a firm grasp on your websites development, remove the mental load of generating new ideas and ensure nothing gets missed. That may not be sexy but it is effective.

198. jQuery goodness

This week on Boagworld: Dave interviews Remy Sharp creator of jQuery for Designers and Matt Bee dares to review the Website Owners Manual.

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Quick tips for better design

We all need design tips whether we are a designer, developer or website owner. No matter what our job, we all have to present things and could do with advise on how to do so better.

Enter “Make your design pop” a great little guide to small changes that make a big difference.

The post consists of 8 tips that will allow you to quickly improve pretty much any design. My favourite tips are:

  • Layout on a grid
  • Defy image boundaries
  • Add whitespace

However, the whole list is worth a read.

One other thing they could have included is ‘add some depth.’ Fortunately there is another blog post that deals with this ‘Six fundamental ways to add depth to your design.’ One thing I particularly liked in this post was there advice on shadows. Apparently subtlety is the key. Although I may struggle with this in life, I would have to agree that with design shadows at least, it is true.

Examples of different levels of shadowing

How web designers frustrate clients

I am in the middle of writing a post about how frustrated web designers get with our clients and how to overcome the problem.

I was therefore interested to see a post that looks at what frustrates clients about web designers.

According to this post the 5 most frustrating comments a designer can make are:

  • I can’t do that
  • That’s going to be expensive
  • Sorry for the delay but I’m working on other projects
  • I know you asked for X, but I thought it would be better to do Y
  • What was that?

Although I am not sure I agree with every point raised in this post, the underlying message is spot on – as web designers we need to learn to communicate better.

As I said in my dubiously entitled post ‘hiring a web designer is like getting married‘ communication is essential:

Too many web projects fail because their is a lack of communication. You want an agency that is always on the end of the phone, quick to respond to emails and constantly giving you feedback on the project.

Both sides can learn from this lesson.

Should we be designing in the browser?

Outside of the IE6 controversy (which I am fed up of talking about) probably the biggest discussion point is whether we should be designing in the browser.

Andy Clarke has been pushing hard for this approach and puts forward a good argument. However, others are concerned it could damage creativity.

It is something we have debated extensively in Headscape. Our answer? – It depends.

It’s not an either or decision. In my opinion (and that of the others at Headscape) you need to pick the right approach on a per project basis.

If a client is switched on or the project requires a greater degree of creativity then design in a package like photoshop maybe the way to go.

On the other hand if the website is more utilitarian and the client has trouble with things like liquid layout or progressive enhancement, then building in the browser may be better.

That said, if you are going to build in the browser you might want to read 12 killer tips for designing in the browser.

The article tackles font embedding, rounded corners, shadows, colour opacity and much more. Of course these are techniques useful to you whether you design in the browser or not. However, the article emphasises their importance in that context and even provides a summary argument for browser based design at the beginning.

Remote user testing: Good or evil?

Have you noticed how many remote user testing services have started to appear? Essentially these services allow you to video users interacting with your website and completing tasks you set.

I have to confess that until recently I rejected the idea out of hand. It simply could not compare with face to face user testing where you could ask questions and respond to users actions.

However, after reading ‘Unmoderated, Remote Usability Testing: Good or Evil?’ I have modified my view.

I still believe that remote testing cannot replace face to face testing. However, I do now see it as complementary.

The article lays out a lot of good reasons for considering remote testing. However, the two that convinced me are:

  • It’s quantitative testing – Typically people only test between 5-8 users face to face. Although we know this is enough to find most problems, sometimes others need convincing. Remote testing allows you to test considerably more users and build up a statistical perspective.
  • Potentially it can be more realistic – Some remote testing services allow you to intercept real users who are completing real tasks on your site and ask them if they are willing partake in remote testing. This means that unlike traditional testing they are considerably more motivated because they are completing their own tasks. They are also doing so in their natural environment and on their own PC.

If like me you have dismissed remote testing out of hand, or if you have not encountered it before, definitely take the time to read this post. They also have an excellent list of remote testing services.

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Remy Sharp talks about jQuery

Remy Sharp is the creator of jQuery for Designers, a superb collection of screencasts and tutorials for adding jquery to your website.

Listen to the Remy Sharp interview

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Review: The Website Owners Manual

The website owners manual by Paul Boag, published by Manning Publications

The website owners manual by Paul Boag is targeted to help those who own, run or manage web sites make them more successful. A quiet and humble man Paul has attempted to deliver all the lessons learned through more than 10 years of experience, at all stages of a site lifecycle, into a single resource. The result is a book that will help those responsible for websites be as successful as they can.

Covering topics ranging from selecting the right web agency all the way through to planning for the future, not all content might be appropriate for all website owners, but if the desired audience pick up this book, I don’t think there a single reader that will not learn something and become more successful in their role because of this book.

The book contains succinct well considered advice, which will not overwhelm any reader. I thought there might not be quite enough in depth information, or further resources, provided some sections to really make a difference, like reviewing site analytics. The book could have also better proofed, but this is a matter for the publishers. Not to mention one of the images depicting a developer in a tie.

The website owners manual is divided into standalone chapters that each covers a different stage or process involved in running a website. The 12 chapters cover:

  • The secret to a successful website
  • Stress free planning
  • The perfect team
  • Differences over design
  • Creating killer content
  • User centric design
  • Ensuring access for all
  • Taking control
  • Decoding technobable
  • Engaging visitors
  • And finally, Planning for the future

Although not all chapters will be relevant to all website owners, and any experienced website owner will probably have a lot of the advice and recommendations in place, there is still an awful lot to either learn, or be reminded of while running your website.

The topics covered in the book do a good job of providing a feel for the requirements of each stage in the web site process. Some really useful content includes stress free planning, the perfect team, decoding technobabble and becoming number 1 on google.

firstly, Stress free planning, where in the “picture your users” section, Paul explains how you can research properly, prioritize your users and use fictional personas to better understand and relate to your target audience.

The Perfect team does an excellent job of explaining why a brief is so vital, even for small changes. Including an annotated example brief for fictional client “The Joke Factory” to explain why each part of a brief is so important.

Selecting the right people to work on your website might be the most important (and expensive) decision you make in the whole life of your website so it was good to see the steps Assessing proposals, interviewing the short list and evaluating agencies (especially with advice on talking to references).

Decoding technobabble is a problem for all us developers, so despite Paul claiming web developers are going to hate this chapter, I know my clients won’t hate me reading it. Not using simple terms to explain how a website works and introducing concepts like hosting is something I know I frustrate people I work with, but not for much longer.

Whilst reading the becoming number 1 on google section in the chapter driving traffic I was very pleased to read Paul explains about Black hat search marketing methods and why site owners should steer well clear of these underhand techniques.

In Planning for the future, I can take a lot from concepts such as Microformats, APIs and alternative devices concisely explained direct to my clients.

I really think this book is a must for any person responsible for a website, due to the wide range of topics covered. Although as I said, not all chapters will be relevant to all website owners, there will be more than enough for the book to be a real valuable resource. I like to think of it as a fully fledged consultant sitting on my bookshelf.

There were real moments of enlightenment about how I can help clients really grasp the requirements behind an effective site. I hope this will dramatically improve my client communication using Paul’s thorough but clear explanations of the concepts required for a successful website.

So that’s what I thought about the website owners manual, but its only the tip of the iceberg, and each person that reads the book will take learn something different, so I urge you to buy it and see what it can do for you.

By Matt Bee

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196. Interview with Kevin Rose

This week on Boagworld: We interview the founder of Digg.com Kevin Rose, take a first look at Codeslam and plan the future of the show.

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Housekeeping

200th Boagworld

On the 12th February Boagworld will have finally reached 200 episodes!

To mark this momentus achievement we are going to do a live 12 hour marathon!

The show will start at 10AM UK time and finish at 10PM in the evening. Guests will include:

  • Drew McLellan
  • Rachel Andrew
  • Simon Collison
  • Christian Heilmann
  • Sarah Parmenter
  • Dan Rubin
  • Paul Stanton
  • Ryan Taylor
  • and many more!

If you want to get involved with the 200th episodes you have 3 options…

  • Come and join us at the Barn for part of the day (drop me an email if interested)
  • Throw a Boagworld Party and dial into the show. To do this simply register a party on upcoming.org with the tag ‘boagworld’ and let me know by email.
  • Email me with why you would be a great guest on the show and we will pick the best to include.

Coming soon: Boagworld Bites

We have been putting some thought into the future of the show and have decided to introduce a new version of the podcast following the 200th episode.

This will not affect the current show that will continue to be released every Friday. However, we recognise that not everybody finds the current show to their taste:

  • Some find it too long
  • Others get annoyed by the banter (especially at the beginning)
  • Others are only interested in specific parts of the show (e.g. the interviews)

We are therefore introducing ‘Boagworld Bitesize (iTunes LinkRSS Link)’, which will be released three times a week. Each ‘Bite’ will be approximately 20 minutes long and will include one of the three sections of the main show. For example a ‘bite’ could consist of the news, an interview, a feature or a review.

This gives you the listener a choice. You can either subscribe to the existing show which is normally about one hour long. Or you can subscribe to the shorter ‘bites’. You also have the option of just downloading whichever ‘bite’ takes your fancy.

Hopefully this will increase our audience without alienating existing listeners :-)

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News

For those starting out

As this is our first podcast of 2010 it seemed only right to start from the beginning. I would therefore like to recommend a couple of sites that provide some excellent basic information for those starting out.

Now if you have really just started out in web design then I would recommend Build Your Own Website The Right Way Using HTML & CSS by Ian Lloyd or The Website Owners Manual if you are running a website rather than building it.

However, if you are looking for the next step, then check out the following two websites:

  • Web Design + – This site is an amalgamation of web-standards solutions for common web development issues and problems — a way to tackle development in the cleanest, most accessible and semantic way possible. It is a great starting point for anybody new to standards.
  • Getting started with jQuery – Six Revisions have recently posted an article providing an outline of jQuery. It asks why use a Javascript library before going on to explain the basics of how jQuery works. It’s a great starting point for any designer looking to move beyond HTML and CSS. That said, it is also good to understand Javascript itself and for that I would recommend DOM Scripting by Jeremy Keith.

That should be enough to keep you newbies occupied ;-)

User experience resources

Talking of useful resources, there have been a couple of new user experience ones worth mentioning.

The first is a post by Smashing Magazine entitled 25 User Experience Videos That Are Worth Your Time. To be honest it is somewhat overwhelming because all of the videos are so good. There is just too much content to watch!

It even has one of my favourite UX talks ever, UX Team of One by Leah Buley of Adaptive Path.

The second resource is a new website called 52 Weeks of UX. The site is the work of Joshua Brewer and Joshua Porter. It appears to be a 52 week project that has only just started. Each week they are posting user experience related articles and judging by the first two it will turn into a useful resource.

The posts are short and easy to digest. I also love the fact that they are not just focused on web based user experience. They are already talking about advertisements, call centres and any other contact point with your organisation.

Ambient user experience

While on the subject of user experience I would also like to briefly mention Ambient User Experience.

I recently wrote a post on stock photography. At one point I wrote:

Good imagery is about conveying a sense of personality and character, not a literal representation of what you do.

What I was talking about there was apart of ambient user experience.

As UX booth explain in their recent post on the subject, ambient user experience is about shaping how users feel about their experience. It does not necessarily make something easier to use and is not intrinsic to getting stuff done.

Instead it creates a tone and personality that influence perception. In my opinion this kind of subtlety sets apart a great site from a good one.

If you have a well established site that has overcome many of the basic problems of usability, accessibility and content, then you should be looking at ambient user experience. This is the area that will allow your website to move froward and not stagnate.

Explaining the fold

Let’s conclude by moving from advanced subtleties of design, to addressing a fundamental basic – the fold.

As designers we love to chant the mantra, “there is no fold.” However, although we know this to be true we are often bad at communicating it to clients.

If you are a website owner, you may well be wondering what us designers are talking about. After all when you load up your webpage you can clearly see the point at which users have to scroll.

What then is the fold and what does it mean to the design of our websites? How do you explain that it isn’t the issue it appears to be at first glance?

Well the guys at Clockwork have attempted to clarify the situation in “How to discuss the fold with clients.”

Although this is obviously aimed at web designers who struggle to explain why the analogy of the fold is fundamentally flawed, it is also useful for anybody unsure about the fold.

In short I would pretty much recommend this post to anyone.

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Interview: Kevin Rose, founder of Digg.com

At this years at Future of Web Apps I was fortunate enough to interview Kevin Rose, the founder of digg.com about running online community. To read the transcript of this interview go to: Kevin Rose On Community.

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Interview with Andreas from Codeslam

Stanton: Ok, so joining me today is Andreas Carlsson, and we’ve got him on tonight to talk to us about CodeSlam, Hello Andreas!

Andreas: Hello.

Stanton: How are you?

Andreas: I’m Fine. Fine thanks.

Stanton: Fantastic! Ok, so do you want to give us your elevator pitch, a really quick run down of what Code Slam is and what it does?

Andreas: Yea i’d Love to. Code Slam is basically an online code editor and a development environment and we like to think of it as like code development in the cloud.

The goal is to have a device and a platform independent coding environment where you have no setting up of local servers, no configuration, no installing apache or php or mysql, just log in and start to develop your web projects. Right now it supports php, and all that good stuff. We wanted to have a clean warm interface where you can access your web projects from anywhere, anytime.

The main target is front end developers and designers who do a lot of coding and developing and but also the tech savvy and pros can use CodeSlam as an extension to their existing development environment. You can sign up at http://www.getcodeslam.com and get started, and that’s about it.

Stanton: Fantastic, so do you see this being like a replacement for a normal desktop based editor, development environment, or kind of a supplementary thing?

Andreas: Somewhere in between. The phase we’re in right now is stable basic functionality, so we’re starting to poke around projects in CodeSlam. The only time you can’t use CodeSlam is when you don’t have web access, so it might be a good idea to have an offline version. We’re integrating SVN or Getintoit, so you can work on your projects when you don’t have internet access.

Stanton: Ok, so you’re integrating source control directly in the editor, so is that automatic, are you doing that for people who don’t want it, or do they have to set it up separately?

Andreas: Not actually sure how we’re going to solve it right now, but the basic idea is to have, we’re not going to have our repository on our CodeSlam servers, so people can have, use external repositories service like you do in Coda, or most other code editors, you just collect yourself to the repp and it automatically picks up changes from the repp and into CodeSlam.

Stanton: Ok, so if people already have a repository they can just tap straight into that. So if someone’s across the other side of the world at an internet cafe and they need to do some emergency fixes they can log into CodeSlam, connect to the central repository and start making changes straight away?

Andreas: Exactly.

Stanton: Fantastic. OK so their are other browser based editing environments, the first one that comes to mind is Besbin by Mozilla, how are you different from those, or what’s the feature of CodeSlam?

Andreas: I think where we’re different is we’re trying to focus on a little more of the user flow. Many of the other services similar to CodeSlam, their either imitating a desktop app on the web or their just real focused on getting as much technology and features into it. But we’re trying to have it really really simple. It’s very simple to create a project, connect to your live web server, and start the project. So I think the user flow, the logics of how you interact with it, is what sets us apart. Also I think we have a little more friendly interface and environment.

Stanton: Ok, so i’ve tinkered about the beta you’ve got up and running at the moment, and it seems to be quiet focused on collaboration as well, getting people in so you can collaboratively work on projects, I guess that’s another main focus of yours.

Andreas: Yea it is, and that’s also where the subversion thing come in to.

Stanton: And you’re in beta at the moment aren’t you?

Andreas: Yea, private beta actually. We have a few hundred people signed up, and we let, I think 50+ in to try it, because there’s somethings we thought would be greater use to us, that has been some pretty huge issues to solve.

Stanton: So what’s the ultimate road map, when are you aiming to go live effectively?

Andreas: The basic road map is public beta this first week in October, and then go fully live in the beginning of January. We were running a little late for the public beta, so I think January we can do.

Stanton: Ok so for anyone wanting to sign up for the Beta queue or find out more information where can they go?

Andreas: getcodeslam.com.

Stanton: OK, and you have a @codeslam as well?

Andreas: Yea, it’s @codeslam, yea.

Stanton: Alright well that’s great, so hopefully we’ll get some people interested and we’ll hear back from you soon as to how it’s developing.

Andreas: Perfect, thanks very much.

Stanton: Cheers!

Thanks goes to Chris Pasveer for transcribing this interview.

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